Effect of prehabilitation in patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer resections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Treatment protocol adopted in included studies

Ref.	Prehabilitation	No prehabilitation
Ausania et al[20], 2019	5 days training in outpatient clinic and daily training at home. Nutritional support. Endocrine and exocrine pancreatic management	Dietary advice, physical activity recommendations
Dunne et al[21], 2016	12 personalized exercise sessions over 4 weeks period	Standard care
Gade et al[22], 2016	Oral supplement 7 days before surgery	No intervention
Griffiths et al[23], 2024	Supplement solutions. 20 g protein isolate powder day 30-6 pre-operation. Immunonutrition 3 times a day 5-1. Carbohydrate rich solution night and morning of surgery	Placebo supplements, standard care
Kaibori et al[24], 2013	Patient tailored exercise program. Dietary advice	Dietary advice
McIsaac et al[25], 2022	Strength training. Aerobic exercise. Flexibility training	Received physical activity recommendations pamphlet
Mikkelsen et al[26], 2022	Exercise (60 minutes sessions twice a week). Protein supplement after each session. Individualized walking program. 2 nurse led counseling sessions	No interventions
Ngo-Huang et al[27], 2024	Aerobic and resistance training. Nutrition counseling	Recommended to stay active and given informational material