Role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric mucosal lesions in liver cirrhosis patients

Table 2 Results of radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of gastric antral vascular ectasia

Ref.	Total number of patients /with LC	Other gastric mucosa lesions	Number of RFA sessions	Follow-up (month)	Efficacy	Recurrence, treatment failure, post-treatment blood transfusions, adverse events, complications
Gross et al[60]	6/N/A	One patient (16.7%) had superficial gastric ulcer	1.7 (range 1-3)	N/A	There was a significant increase in hemoglobin levels	One patient (16.7%) remained dependent on blood transfusions, but the overall need for blood transfusion decreased
McGorisk et al[61]	21/18	Two patients (9.5%) had EV, five patients (23.8%) had PHG	1.9 ± 0.6 (range 1-3)	6	Technical and clinical successes were 90% and 86%, respectively	Three patients (14.3%) required post-treatment blood transfusions; one patient (4.8%) had superficial gastric ulceration, one patient (4.8%) had ulcer bleeding and one patient (4.8%) continued to have GAVE associated bleeding
Dray et al[62]	24/11	N/A	1.8 ± 0.8 (range 1-3)	6	There was a significant increase in hemoglobin levels and a decrease in the need for blood transfusion	There were no reports of any perioperative or inpatient postoperative complications
Jana et al[63]	7/2	N/A	Median 2 (range 1-3)	Median 6 (range 8-15)	Technical and clinical successes were 100% and 71%, respectively	Two patients (29%) required post-treatment blood transfusions; there were no reports of any perioperative or inpatient postoperative complications
Raza et al[64]	9/4	One LC patient (25%) had PHG	Median 3 (range 2-6)	Median 11 (range 6-21)	Technical success was 100%	Three patients (33.3%) had a recurrence of GAVE, and required blood transfusions and retreatment
Dunn et al[65]	15/3	N/A	Median 2	Median 2 (range 1-6)	Clinical and endoscopic responses were 87% and 20%, respectively. There was a significant increase in hemoglobin levels and a decrease in the need for blood transfusion	Four patients (26.7%) required post-treatment blood transfusions
Markos et al[66]	15/0	N/A	Median 2 (range 1-3)	Median 11 (range 5-18)	Technical and clinical successes were 100% and 80%, respectively. There was a significant increase in hemoglobin levels	Five patients (33.3%) required post-treatment blood transfusions
Senzolo et al[67]	40/40	N/A	N/A	6	There was a significant increase in hemoglobin levels and a decrease in the need for blood transfusion	No major complication occurred and liver function remained stable in all patients
Magee et al[68]	20/4	N/A	Median 2 (range 1-2)	6	There was a significant increase in hemoglobin levels	Three patients (15%) required post-treatment blood transfusions; three patients (15%) experienced epigastric pain which was managed with oral pain medications

LC: Liver cirrhosis; GAVE: Gastric antral vascular ectasia; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; EV: Esophageal varices; PHG: Portal hypertensive gastropathy; N/A: Not available.