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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Jul 16, 2025; 17(7): 108307
Published online Jul 16, 2025. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i7.108307
Published online Jul 16, 2025. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i7.108307
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohorts (n = 712), n (%)
| Variable | Level | Overall (n = 712) | Training set (n = 481) | Validation set (n = 231) | P value |
| Sex | Female | 329 (46.2) | 222 (46.2) | 107 (46.3) | 0.002 |
| Male | 383 (53.8) | 259 (53.8) | 124 (53.7) | ||
| Age (years) | / | 54.5 ± 12.9 | 54.3 ± 12.8 | 55.0 ± 13.1 | 0.461 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | < 18.5 | 15 (2.1) | 10 (2.1) | 5 (2.2) | 0.978 |
| 18.5-23.9 | 293 (41.2) | 200 (41.6) | 93 (40.2) | ||
| 24.0-28.3 | 297 (41.7) | 198 (41.2) | 99 (42.9) | ||
| ≥ 28.4 | 107 (15.0) | 73 (15.1) | 34 (14.7) | ||
| Abdominal circumference (cm) | < 77.5 | 401 (56.3) | 271 (56.3) | 130 (56.3) | 0.185 |
| 77.5-91.9 | 143 (20.1) | 89 (18.5) | 54 (23.4) | ||
| ≥ 92.0 | 168 (23.6) | 121 (25.2) | 47 (20.3) | ||
| Smoking | No | 560 (78.7) | 383 (79.6) | 177 (76.6) | 0.360 |
| Yes | 152 (21.3) | 98 (20.4) | 54 (23.4) | ||
| Drinking | No | 567 (79.6) | 382 (79.4) | 185 (80.1) | 0.216 |
| Yes | 145 (20.4) | 99 (20.6) | 46 (19.9) | ||
| Constipation | No | 588 (82.6) | 397 (82.5) | 191 (82.7) | 0.961 |
| Yes | 124 (17.4) | 84 (17.5) | 40 (17.3) | ||
| History of colonoscopy | No | 457 (64.2) | 313 (65.1) | 144 (62.3) | 0.476 |
| Yes | 255 (35.8) | 168 (34.9) | 87 (37.7) | ||
| Irritable bowel syndrome | No | 587 (82.4) | 400 (83.2) | 187 (80.9) | 0.469 |
| Yes | 125 (17.6) | 81 (16.8) | 44 (19.1) | ||
| Diverticulum | No | 699 (98.2) | 474 (98.5) | 225 (97.4) | 0.443 |
| Yes | 13 (1.8) | 7 (1.6) | 6 (2.6) | ||
| Polyps | No | 559 (78.5) | 380 (79.0) | 179 (77.5) | 0.645 |
| Yes | 153 (21.5) | 101 (21.0) | 52 (22.5) | ||
| Family history of colon polyps | No | 655 (92.0) | 443 (92.1) | 212 (91.8) | 0.881 |
| Yes | 57 (8.0) | 38 (7.9) | 19 (8.2) | ||
| History of pelvic and abdominal surgery | No | 533 (74.9) | 361 (75.1) | 172 (74.5) | 0.864 |
| Yes | 179 (25.1) | 120 (24.9) | 59 (25.5) | ||
| History of Radiotherapy | No | 703 (98.7) | 475 (98.7) | 228 (98.7) | 1.000 |
| Yes | 9 (1.3) | 6 (1.3) | 3 (1.3) | ||
| Hypertension | No | 558 (78.4) | 380 (79.0) | 178 (77.1) | 0.555 |
| Yes | 154 (21.6) | 101 (21.0) | 53 (22.9) | ||
| Diabetes | No | 623 (87.5) | 420 (87.3) | 203 (87.9) | 0.832 |
| Yes | 89 (12.5) | 61 (12.7) | 28 (12.1) | ||
| Taking painkillers | No | 698 (98.0) | 471 (97.9) | 227 (98.3) | 0.981 |
| Yes | 14 (2.0) | 10 (2.1) | 4 (1.7) | ||
| Anxiety (scores) | 32.9 ± 8.7 | 32.7 ± 8.6 | 33.4 ± 8.9 | 0.277 |
- Citation: Gao RX, Wang XL, Tian MJ, Li XM, Zhang JJ, Wang JJ, Gao J, Zhang C, Li ZT. Construction and validation of a machine learning algorithm-based predictive model for difficult colonoscopy insertion. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2025; 17(7): 108307
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v17/i7/108307.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v17.i7.108307