Hemorrhoidal elastic band ligation during routine colonoscopy: A comparative study between flexible video endoscopy and rigid proctoscopy

Table 3 Characteristics of patients before band ligation, mean ± SD/median (minimum-maximum)/n (%)

Variable	EBL (n = 75)	RPBL (n = 96)	P value1
Age	53.56 ± 13.1	50.71 ± 13.07	0.19
	56 (27-83)	51 (23-84)
Sex			< 0.01
Female	7 (9.33)	31 (32.29)
Male	68 (90.67)	65 (67.71)
Previous prolapse			0.02
No	0 (0)	7 (7.29)
Yes	75 (100)	89 (92.71)
Previous bleeding			0.50
No	0 (0)	2 (2.08)
Yes	75 (100)	94 (97.92)
Bleeding classification			0.17
B0	3 (4)	2 (2.08)
B1	20 (26.67)	28 (29.17)
B2	22 (29.33)	35 (36.46)
B3	26 (34.67)	31 (32.29)
B4	4 (5.33)	0 (0)
Dennison hemorrhoid grade			0.33
I	1 (1.33)	6 (6.25)
II	52 (69.33)	63 (65.63)
III	22 (29.33)	27 (28.13)
Endoscopic classification of hemorrhoids			0.02
II	13 (17.33)	33 (34.38)
III	62 (82.67)	62 (64.58)
IV	0 (0)	1 (1.04)
Number of bands per session	6.2 ± 0.96	3.21 ± 0.48	< 0.01
	6 (3-7)	3 (2-5)
Number of sessions	1.09 ± 0.29	1.76 ± 0.72	< 0.01
	1 (1-2)	2 (1-4)
Total bands	6.79 ± 2.13	5.58 ± 2.25	< 0.01
	6 (3-14)	6 (2-12)
Follow-up time (months)	41.27 ± 30.02	59.15 ± 62.29	0.64
	39.14 (0.1-138.52)	38.08 (1.18-225.23)

¹Fisher’s exact test was used for qualitative variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative variables.

Bleeding intensity before band ligation, B0 - without bleeding; B1 - light, sporadic bleeding, only when cleaning; B2 - moderate bleeding, mixed with feces; B3 - intense bleeding, drip in the toilet; B4 - anemia. EBL: Endoscopic band ligation; RPBL: Rigid proctoscope band ligation.