Endoscopic management for gastrointestinal leaks, perforations, and fistulae: Technical tips and outcomes

doi:10.4253/wjge.v17.i12.111782

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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1948-5190

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Endosc. Dec 16, 2025; 17(12): 111782
Published online Dec 16, 2025. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i12.111782

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Figure 9 Algorithm for the management of gastrointestinal leaks or perforations. NPO: Nil per oral; IV: Intravenous; CT: Computed tomography; TTSC: Through the scope clip; OTSC: Over the scope clip; UGI: Upper gastrointestinal; LGI: Lower gastrointestinal.

Citation: Birda CL, Dhar J, Kumar N, Mishra S, Dell'Anna G, Tandup C, Nagaraj SS, Crinò SF, Mitra V, Nabi Z, Samanta J. Endoscopic management for gastrointestinal leaks, perforations, and fistulae: Technical tips and outcomes. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2025; 17(12): 111782
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v17/i12/111782.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v17.i12.111782

Birda CL, Dhar J, Kumar N, Mishra S, Dell'Anna G, Tandup C, Nagaraj SS, Crinò SF, Mitra V, Nabi Z, Samanta J. Endoscopic management for gastrointestinal leaks, perforations, and fistulae: Technical tips and outcomes. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2025; 17(12): 111782 [PMID: 41479933 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i12.111782]

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