Advances in endoscopic dysplasia detection in inflammatory bowel disease

Table 3 Comparative studies of virtual chromoendoscopy, white light endoscopy, and artificial intelligence-assisted detection for dysplasia surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease

Ref.	Techniques compared	Study design	Key findings
Kandiah et al[25], 2021	VCE (i-SCAN OE) vs HD WLE	Multicenter RCT (VIRTUOSO trial)	VCE non-inferior to HD WLE for neoplasia detection; improved dysplasia characterization and fewer random biopsies
van den Broek et al[26], 2011	NBI vs HD WLE	Randomized crossover trial	No significant difference in neoplasia detection (NBI 81% vs HDE 69%, P = 0.727); NBI did not improve real-time differentiation
Dekker et al[27], 2007	NBI vs SD WLE	Prospective observational	NBI had limited sensitivity and specificity for dysplasia; not superior to WLE in UC surveillance
Leifeld et al[28], 2015	NBI vs SD WLE	RCT in UC patients	No significant difference in neoplasia detection; NBI had poor correlation with histology
López-Serrano et al[29], 2025	VCE with iSCAN vs CADe	Prospective, cross-sectional, non-inferiority diagnostic test comparison	Similar dysplasia detection (15.4% vs 13.5%); equal sensitivity (90%); VCE had better specificity and diagnostic accuracy

VCE: Virtual chromoendoscopy; i-SCAN OE: I-SCAN optical enhancement; HD: High definition; SD: Standard definition; WLE: White light endoscopy; NBI: Narrow band imaging; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CADe: Computer-aided detection; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.