Advances in endoscopic dysplasia detection in inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Summary of studies on individual techniques of dysplasia detection in inflammatory bowel disease

Ref.	Endoscopy method	Key findings
Rubín de Célix et al[6], 2021	Dye-based Chromoendoscopy (Indigo carmine)	24% dysplasia detection rate; high yield in flat and right-sided lesions; lesions > 5 mm and age > 60 were risk factors
Klepp et al[5], 2018	Dye-based Chromoendoscopy (Indigo carmine)	10.5% dysplasia detection rate; 20.8% yield with targeted vs 3.5% with random biopsies; high NPV (97%)
Wanders et al[7], 2016	Chromoendoscopy + confocal laser endomicroscopy (iCLE)	9.8% dysplasia detection rate; low sensitivity (42.9%); frequent equipment failures limited routine use
Matsumoto et al[8], 2007	Narrow band imaging + magnification	Tortuous pattern correlated with dysplasia; 80% sensitivity; high specificity (84.2%)
Guo et al[9], 2021	Narrow band imaging + mucosal vascular pattern analysis	MVP correlates with histological inflammation and Ki-67 index; useful for predicting mucosal proliferation
Yoshioka et al[10], 2016	AFI + NBI + CE	AFI green/red ratio predicted dysplasia; only 37.5% neoplastic lesions visible as purple; AFI quantitation promising

NPV: Negative predictive value; iCLE: Integrated confocal laser endomicroscopy; MVP: Mucosal vascular pattern; AFI: Autofluorescence imaging; CE: Chromoendoscopy; NBI: Narrow band imaging.