Endoscopic treatment of malignant hilar biliary obstruction: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study group

Characteristics		Mean ± SD or n (%)
Sex (women/men)		86 (52.4)/78 (47.6)
Age (year)		67 ± 65.6
	≤ 60	45 (27.4)
	> 60	119 (72.6)
Etiology	Cholangiocarcinoma	102 (62.2)
	Gallbladder carcinoma	36 (21.9)
	Colorectal cancer - metastases	19 (11.6)
	Breast cancer - metastases	2 (1.2)
	HCC	2 (1.2)
	Non-small-cell lung cancer	1 (0.6)
	Neuroendocrine carcinoma	1 (0.6)
	Pancreatic cancer	1 (0.6)
Method of obtaining a histopathological result	ERCP	90 (54.9)
	Surgery	50 (30.5)
	CT-guided biopsy	17 (10.4)
	USG-guided biopsy	2 (1.2)
	HCC criteria	2 (1.2)
	Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage	1 (0.6)
	Paracentesis	1 (0.6)
	Endoscopic ultrasound	1 (0.6)
Time of progression to the next Bismuth degree (day)		117.3 ± 83
Number of ERCP procedures before diagnosis		1.2 ± 1.0
Total number of ERCP procedures		4.0 ± 3.0
Chemotherapy		86 (52.4)
Radiofrequency ablation		26 (15.9)
Patient presenting adverse events other then recurrent biliary obstruction	Pancreatitis	40 (24.4)
	Bleeding	15 (9.1)
	Perforation	2 (1.2)
	Liver abscesses	20 (12.2)
	Cholecystitis	2 (1.2)

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; CT: Computed tomography; USG: Ultrasonography; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.