Endoscopic biliary drainage with multi-hole self-expandable metallic stent during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Participant characteristics, n (%)/median (range)

Participant characteristics		n = 14
Age (years)		70 (63-73)
Sex (male)		6 (42.9)
ECOG Performance status score	0	12 (85.7)
	1	2 (14.3)
Surgically altered anatomy	Total gastrectomy (Roux-en Y reconstruction)	1 (7.1)
	Distal gastrectomy (Billroth I reconstruction)	1 (7.1)
Intact gallbladder		13 (92.9)
Tumor size (during SEMS placement), mm, median (range)		25 (13-40)
Tumor location	Head	13 (92.9)
	Body	1 (7.1)
Resectability	Resectable	10 (71.4)
	Borderline resectable	2 (14.3)
	Unresectable locally advanced	2 (14.3)
Clinical stage (JPS 8th)	IIA	11 (78.6)
	IIB	1 (7.1)
	III	2 (14.3)
Duodenal invasion		1 (7.1)
Tumor invasion to the cystic duct		3 (21.4)
Biliary stricture length (mm), median (range)		20 (9-40)
Maximum diameter of the common bile duct (mm), median (range)		13 (7-16)
Tumor involvement in the main pancreatic duct		7 (50.0)
Maximum diameter of the pancreatic duct (mm), median (range)		4.5 (2-10)
Laboratory data before the SEMS placement
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)		3.2 (0.9-7.3)
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L)		142 (53-581)
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)		271 (78-773)
Amylase (U/L)		53 (19-114)
Carcinoembryonic antigen (ng/mL)		5.4 (0.6-63.2)
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (U/mL)		134 (2-6711)
Duodenal pancreatic cancer antigen 2 (U/mL)		219 (25-1600)
Previous drainage	Plastic stent	7 (50.0)
	None	7 (50.0)
Timing of MH-SEMS placement (including exchange from plastic stent)	Before starting systemic chemotherapy and NACRT	14 (100)
	After starting systemic chemotherapy or NACRT	0
Cannulation methods
Catheter with contrast medium injection and guidewire		11 (78.6)
Pancreatic guidewire		3 (21.4)
Accidental contrast medium injection into the pancreatic duct		6 (42.9)
Endoscopic sphincterotomy		0
Stent length	6 cm	1 (7.1)
	7 cm	12 (85.7)
	8 cm	1 (7.1)
Stent diameter	10 mm	14 (100)
Stent placement across the cystic duct orifice		7 (50.0)
Systemic chemotherapy for TNT (yes)		4 (28.6)
Regimens	GnP	4 (28.6)
	mFFX	1 (7.1)
	SOXIRI	2 (14.3)
NACRT (yes)		14 (100)
Regimens	Gemcitabine + IMRT (54 Gy)	13 (92.9)
	Gemcitabine + S1 + IMRT (54 Gy)	1 (7.1)
Anticoagulation medication		0 (0)

ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; GnP: Gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel; JPS 8^th: Japan Pancreas Society Classification, 8^th edition; mFFX: Modified FOLFIRINOX (fluorouracil/irinotecan/oxaliplatin); NACRT: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; SEMS: Self-expandable metallic stent; SOXIRI: S-1/oxaliplatin/irinotecan; IMRT: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy.