Subtype-specific risk factors for gastric adenomas and independent predictors of recurrence after endoscopic resection

Table 4 Clinical, endoscopic and histopathological characteristics of different gastric adenoma subtypes, mean ± SD

	Intestinal (n = 49) (%)	Foveolar (n = 23) (%)	Pyloric (n = 6) (%)	P value
Patients characteristics:
Gender (male)	69.40	65.20	33	0.215
Mean age, years	71.1 ± 12.9	63.8 ± 15.7	58.2 ± 17.9	0.031
Mean BMI, kg/m2	25.3 ± 3.2	24.1 ± 4.8	25.2 ± 6.2	0.564
Comorbidities
Diabetes	22.40	21.70	16.70	0.94
Cardiovascular diseases	55.10	73.90	33.30	0.142
Morbid obesity	6.10	0.00	0.00	0.389
Malignancy	24.50	30.40	50.00	0.43
Chronic kidney disease	6.10	4.30	0.00	0.79
Cirrhosis	2.00	0.00	16.70	0.069
History of PPI intake	91.80	100	100.00	0.531
History of NSAID/Aspirin	65.30	82.60	33.30	0.046
History of statin	38.80	26.10	0.00	0.04
Hereditary predisposition
FAP	2.00	8.70	16.70	0.106
Juvenile polyposis	0.00	8.70	0.00
Personal history				0.106
Gastric neoplasia
Adenocarcinoma	22.40	4.30	33.30
Adenoma	4.10	13	33.30
Family history				0.006
Gastric adenocarcinoma	14.30	4.30	0
Colorectal cancer	6.10	8.70	0
Other cancers	0	4.30	33.30
Baseline endoscopic findings:
Number of lesions				< 0.001
1/2/≥ 3	93.9/6.1/0	78.3/0/21.7	66.7/33.3/ 0
Mean size, mm	27.5 ± 14.6	34.6 ± 18.1	59.2 ± 33.2	< 0.001
Location				0.048
Cardia/Fundus	24.50	30.40	33.30
Greater curvature	14.30	34.80	33.30
Lesser curvature	8.20	17.40	0.00
Antrum	48.90	17.40	16.70
Pylorus	4.10	0.00	16.70
Gross morphology				0.046
(Paris classification)
0-Ip	2.00	26.10	33.30
0-Is	18.40	21.70	50.00
0-IIa	32.70	21.70	16.70
0-IIb	4.10	0.00	0.00
0-IIc	10.20	4.30	0.00
0-IIa+IIc	28.60	26.10	0.00
0-Is+IIc	4.10	0.00	0.00
Color				0.269
Same as background mucosa	32.70	17.40	0.00
Whitish	2.00	4.30	0.00
Reddish	42.90	60.90	83.30
Ulcerated/Erosive	22.40	17.40	16.70
Treatments
EMR/ESD	6.1/93.9	34.8/65.2	33.3/66.7	0.005
Histological characteristics:
Active Helicobacter pylori	4.10	8.70	0.00	0.373
Underlying stomach
Atrophic gastritis	67.30	13	50	< 0.001
Intestinal metaplasia	26.50	69.60	0.00
Worst histology				0.411
LGD	20.40	30.40	50
HGD	18.40	26.10	33.30
Early gastric adenocarcinoma	57.10	43.50	16.70
T1a	34.70	17.40	0.00
T1b	22.40	26.10	16.70
Mean size of resected specimen, mm	34.1 ± 14.0	47.0 ± 58.0	35.0 ± 23.0	0.349
Histologically complete resection (R0)	89.80	91.30	100	0.935
Clinical outcomes:
Mean follow-up, months	24.9 ± 21.9	26.3 ± 21.4	43.1 ± 27.1	0.613
Early follow-up
Residual adenoma	2.00	13.00	0.00	0.184
Management: EMR/ESD	0.0/2.0	8.7/4.3	0.0/0.0	0.205
Late follow up (recurrence)
Mean time to recurrence, months	21.4 ± 16.8	19.9 ± 17.3	14.3	0.833
Local/metachronous	6.1/2.0	17.4/0.0	16.7/0.0	0.07
Management: EMR/ESD	2.0/6	17.4/0.0	0.0/16.7	0.044
Pathology				0.284
LGD	2.00	17.40	16.70
HGD	4.10	0.00	0.00
T1a	2.00	0.00	0.00

BMI: Body mass index; NSAID: Non steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs; PPI: Proton puump inhibitors; FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis; EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; LGD: Low grade dysplesia; HGD: High grade dysplesia.