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Systematic Reviews
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Nov 16, 2025; 17(11): 110207
Published online Nov 16, 2025. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i11.110207
Table 2 Key metabolites and their roles in mucosal healing
Metabolite
Source microbes
Role in healing
ButyrateFaecalibacterium prausnitzii, BacteroidesFuels colonocytes, regulates immune cells, maintains epithelial integrity
SCFAs (acetate, propionate)Fermentative bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides)Supports tight junctions, immune modulation
LPSProteobacteria, pathogenic strainsTriggers cytokine release, exacerbates inflammation


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