Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pediatric and adult populations: 17-year experience from Pakistan with trends, complications, and global comparison

doi:10.4253/wjge.v17.i11.109909

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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1948-5190

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Gastrointest Endosc. Nov 16, 2025; 17(11): 109909
Published online Nov 16, 2025. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i11.109909

Table 4 Imaging findings in native cases (indications)

Types	n	%
Benign biliary cases
Choledocholithiasis	3682	40.0
Bile leak	466	5.1
Choledochal cyst	22	0.2
CBD worms	21	0.2
Unspecified jaundice¹	3046	33.1
Malignant cases
Pancreatic mass	389	4.2
Perihilar	145	1.6
Periampullary mass	1307	14.2
Gallbladder mass	118	1.3
Pancreatic cases
Chronic pancreatitis	201	58.1
Other	145	41.9

¹Unspecified obstructive jaundice was defined as increased total bilirubin (> 1.3 mg/dL) and alkaline phosphatase (> 125 U/L) along with evidence of biliary dilatation on imaging.

CBD: Common bile duct.

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Citation: Zakaria N, Tahseen MU, Niaz TS, Asim M, Yaseen A, Kadir S, Qureshi S, Ghazanfar S, Leghari A, Taj MA, Siddiqui AR, Altaf A, Ahmed N, Raza A, Salman J, Shoaib UB, Siyal M, Durvesh AK, Niaz SK. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pediatric and adult populations: 17-year experience from Pakistan with trends, complications, and global comparison. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2025; 17(11): 109909
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v17/i11/109909.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v17.i11.109909

Zakaria N, Tahseen MU, Niaz TS, Asim M, Yaseen A, Kadir S, Qureshi S, Ghazanfar S, Leghari A, Taj MA, Siddiqui AR, Altaf A, Ahmed N, Raza A, Salman J, Shoaib UB, Siyal M, Durvesh AK, Niaz SK. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pediatric and adult populations: 17-year experience from Pakistan with trends, complications, and global comparison. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2025; 17(11): 109909 [PMID: 41256309 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i11.109909]

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