Evaluating the prognostic efficacy of biomarkers in pancreatic cyst fluid

Table 1 Characteristics of studies evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of cystic carcinoembryonic antigen and intracystic glycose for mucinous pancreatic cysts

Ref.	Type of study	Biomarker assessed	Patients included	Cut-off	Sensitivity	Secificity	AUROC
van der Waaij et al[24], 2005	Pooled analysis	CEA	450	< 5 ng/mL	50% (for PC, SCA)	95% (for PC, SCA)	-
				> 800 ng/mL	48%	98%
Thosani et al[25], 2010	Meta-analysis	CEA	376	-	63% (pooled)	88% (pooled)	0.89
Thornton et al[26], 2013	Meta-analysis	CEA	1438	-	63% (pooled)	88% (pooled)	-
Brugge et al[27], 2004	Multicenter study -prospective collection of data	CEA	341	192 ng/mL	73%	84%	0.79
Park et al[28], 2011	Single-center retrospective	CEA	124	200 ng/mL	60%	93%	0.89
Gaddam et al[29], 2015	Multicenter study, retrospective study	CEA	226	105 ng/mL	70%	63%	0.77
				192 ng/mL	61%	77%
Köker et al[31], 2021	Retrospective study	CEA	466	100ng/mL	-	-	0.930 (for differentiating LR-IPMNs from LR-MCNs)
							0.921 (for differentiating LR-IPMNs from HR-IPMNs)
kwan et al[33], 2024	Single center, retrospective	CEA	1169	20 ng/mL	89%	64%	0.80
				192 ng/mL	56%	78%
Rossi et al[32], 2024	Prospective observational multicenter study	CEA	50	192 ng/mL	55.6%	87.5%	0.65
		Intracystic glucose (glucometer)		50 mg/dL	93.2%	76.5%	0.74
Carr et al[36], 2018	Single center study -prospective collection of data	CEA	153	192 ng/mL	58%	96%	0.92
		Intracystic glucose (glucometer)		50 mg/dL	92%	87%	0.91
Gyimesi et al[38], 2024	Single center study -prospective collection of data	CEA	91	192 ng/mL	67.5%	97.5%	-
		Intracystic glucose (glucometer)		50 mg/dL	94.2%	81.3%	-
Gorris et al[39], 2023	Single center study -prospective collection of data	CEA	63	20 ng/mL, 192 ng/mL	80%, 50%	62%, 93%	-
		Intracystic glucose glucometer		50 mg/dL	100%	45%
		Laboratory		50 mg/dL	100%	60%
Smith et al[41], 2022	Multicenter - prospectively maintained database	CEA	93	192 ng/mL	62.7%	88.2%	0.81
		Intracystic glucose (laboratory)		25 mg/dL	88.1%	91.2%	0.96
Ribeiro et al[42], 2024	Single center, retrospective study	CEA	78	192 ng/mL	55.6%	87.5%	-
		Intracystic glucose		50 mg/dL	93.2%	76.5%	-
		Glucometer laboratory		-	-	-	0.870, 0.912
Williet et al[43], 2023	Multicenter study, retrospective	CEA	121	192 ng/mL	41.7%	96.9%	0.812
		Intracystic glucose (laboratory)		41.8 mg/dL	95.3%	91.2%	0.936
McCarty et al[44], 2021	Meta-analysis	CEA	609	-	56% (pooled)	96% (pooled)	-
		Intracystic glucose			91% (pooled)	86% (pooled)
Faias et al[45], 2021	Meta-analysis	CEA	5286	-	67% (pooled)	80% (pooled)	0.79
		Intracystic glucose	460		91% (pooled)	75% (pooled)	0.95
Zikos et al[35], 2015	Single center study -prospective collection of data	CEA	67	192 ng/mL	77%	83%	-
		Intracystic glucose	-	50 mg/dL	-	-	-
		Laboratory	-	-	95%	57%	-
		Glucometer	-	-	88%	78%	-
Faias et al[37], 2020	Single center study -prospective collection of data	CEA	82	192 ng/Ml	72%	96%	0.842
		Intracystic glucose (glucometer)		50 mg/dL	89%	86%	0.860
Simons-Linares et al[40], 2020	Single center study -prospective collection of data	CEA	113	192 ng/mL	50%	92%	0.78
		Intracystic glucose		41 mg/dL	88%	97%	0.95
		Laboratory		21 mg/dL	92%	92%	-
Guzmán-Calderón et al[46], 2022	Meta-analysis	CEA	506	-	61% (pooled)	93% (pooled)	0.861 (pooled SROC)
		Intracystic glucose			91% (pooled)	85% (pooled)	0.959 (pooled SROC)
Mohan et al[47], 2022	Meta-analysis	Intracystic glucose	566	50mg/dL	90.1%	85.3%	-
		All methods of measurement		-	90.5% (pooled)	88% (pooled)
		Glucometer		-	89.5%	83.9%

AUROC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; PC: Pseudocysts; SCA: Serous cystadenoma; LR: Low risk; HR: High risk; IPMNs: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms; MCNs: Mucinous cystic neoplasms; SROC: Summary receiver operating characteristic.