Advancements in endoscopic closure: Embracing a new era of managing complications and postprocedural defects after endoscopic submucosal dissection

Table 5 Complication rates and risk factors in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection

Ref.	Country of origin	Perforation	Delayed bleeding
Albouys et al[59]	France	-	8.0%
			Risk factors: Age > 74 years, use of antihrombotics, rectal location, size > 50 mm, ASA score III or IV
Seo et al[60]	South Korea	-	2.9%
			Risk factors: Tumor location in the rectosigmoid colon, tumor size ≥ 30 mm, use of antiplatelet agents except for aspirin alone
Lim et al[91]	-	4%-8%	-
Tanaka et al[157]	-	4.7%	-
Kim et al[15]	-	20.4% risk factors: Tumor size, fibrosis	-
Saito et al[158]	-	Intraprocedural: 4.9%	-
		Delayed: 0.4%
		Risk factor: Tumor size > 5 cm
Akintoye et al[153]	-	Intraprocedural: 4.2%	2.1%
		Delayed: 0.22%

ASA: Acetylosalicylic acid.