Endoscopic submucosal dissection, transanal endoscopic microsurgical submucosal dissection, and transanal minimally invasive surgery in rectal lesions

Figure 2 Steps of transanal endoscopic microsurgery-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection for a rectal lesion. A: Endoscopic view of the nodular lesion; B: Submucosal dissection is initiated (black arrow); C: Muscularis propria layer is preserved during dissection (black arrow); D: Post-dissection view showing the complete resection site with intact muscularis propria; E: Resected lesion pinned on a board for pathological assessment.