Endoscopic submucosal dissection, transanal endoscopic microsurgical submucosal dissection, and transanal minimally invasive surgery in rectal lesions

Figure 1 Sequential steps of endoscopic submucosal dissection for an early-stage colorectal lesion. A: Submucosal injection is performed to lift the lesion from the muscularis propria; B: Circumferential mucosal incision is initiated around the lesion; C: Submucosal dissection is carried out using an endoscopic knife; D: Hemostasis is achieved with coagulation forceps; E: Resected early-stage colorectal lesion after complete submucosal dissection.