Outcomes of bile duct cannulation using a novel contrast-enhanced catheter: A single-center, retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Overall outcomes for each group, n (%)

Character	Existing catheter group (n = 230)	Novel catheter group (n = 112)	P value
Cannulation success rate	98.3% (226/230)	99.1% (111/112)	0.47
Number of attempts of cannulation, median (range)	3 (1-20)	3 (1-10)	0.58
Difficult cannulation (> 5 times)	94 (40.9)	36 (32.1)	0.074
Cannulation success rate with the standard technique	73.0% (168/230)	82.1% (92/112)	0.042
Rescue technique
Switch to sphincterotomes	8 (3.5)	0	0.039
Pancreatic duct GW method	14 (6.1)	2 (1.8)	0.059
Precut	35 (15.2)	17 (15.3)	0.56
Two devices in one channel method	1 (0.4)	0	0.67
Cannulation failure	4 (1.7)	1 (0.9)	0.47
Re-ERCP	1 (0.4)	0	0.67
EUS-HGS	2 (0.9)	1 (0.9)	0.70
EUS-rendezvous	1 (0.4)	0	0.67
Adverse event
Total	12 (5.2)	5 (4.5)	0.70
Bleeding	2 (0.9)	2 (1.8)	0.60
PEP	10 (4.3)	3 (2.7)	0.59
Mild	9 (3.9)	2 (1.8)	0.51
Moderate disease	1 (0.4)	1 (0.9)	0.55
Severe disease	0	0	-

GW: Guide wire; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; EUS-HGS: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy; EUS-rendezvous: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous technique; PEP: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.