Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for bile duct stones in patients with a performance status score of 3 or 4

Table 4 Predictive factors for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related complications after ERCP for common bile duct stones

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	With complications (n = 116)	Without complications (n = 1227)	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI	P value
Indications of ERCP for CBDS			< 0.001	1.1	1.05-1.2	< 0.001
Acute cholangitis (%)	44 (37.9)	757 (61.7)
Biliary pancreatitis (%)	1 (0.9)	63 (5.1)
Obstructive jaundice without cholangitis (%)	35 (30.2)	248 (20.2)
Asymptomatic CBDS (%)	36 (31.0)	159 (13.0)
Absence of antibiotics (%)	41 (35.3)	205 (16.7)	< 0.001	1.7	1.04-2.7	0.034
Mean procedure time, min [mean (SD)]	33.4 (17.3)	26.7 (15.5)	< 0.001	1.01	1.00-1.02	0.098
Difficult biliary cannulation (%)	50 (43.1)	307 (25.0)	< 0.001	1.3	0.74-2.3	0.36
Pancreatic injection (%)	69 (59.5)	537 (43.8)	0.001	1.4	0.85-2.1	0.20
Contrast-assisted cannulation (%)	68 (58.6)	872 (71.1)	0.008	0.90	0.47-1.7	0.74
Prophylactic pancreatic stent placement (%)	27 (23.3)	174 (14.2)	0.014	0.77	0.45-1.3	0.33
Normal serum bilirubin (%)	68 (58.6)	576 (46.9)	0.019	0.86	0.53-1.4	0.52
PGW-assisted cannulation (%)	24 (20.7)	162 (13.2)	0.034	1.0	0.77-1.3	0.98
Precut sphincterotomy (%)	11 (9.5)	61 (5.0)	0.050	0.96	0.76-1.2	0.76
Age [mean (SD)]	72.5 (14.8)	75.1 (13.9)	0.051	1.0	0.98-1.01	0.66
Non-dilated CBD (< 10 mm) (%)	55 (47.4)	469 (38.2)	0.058	1.3	0.82-1.9	0.30
Protease inhibitor (%)	51 (44.0)	467 (38.1)	0.23
EPBD (%)	18 (15.5)	145 (11.8)	0.24
Trainees (%)	24 (20.7)	202 (16.5)	0.24
Use of basket catheter (%)	47 (40.5)	562 (45.8)	0.29
EPLBD (%)	15 (12.9)	203 (16.5)	0.36
Platelet counts [mean (SD)] (×106/L)	19.8 (9.8)	19.1 (7.4)	0.39
EST (%)	97 (83.6)	1062 (86.6)	0.40
Rectal NSAIDs (%)	8 (6.9)	119 (9.7)	0.41
Biliary stent placement (%)	95 (81.9)	1042 (84.9)	0.42
Number of CBD stones [mean (SD)]	2.1 (3.0)	2.2 (2.7)	0.52
Post-cholecystectomy (%)	10 (8.6)	133 (10.8)	0.53
Complete stone removal (%)	108 (93.1)	1156 (94.2)	0.54
Mechanical lithotripsy (%)	21 (18.1)	201 (16.4)	0.60
Use of balloon catheter (%)	94 (81.0)	969 (79.0)	0.72
Wire-guided cannulation (%)	13 (11.2)	130 (10.6)	0.88
Female (%)	55 (47.4)	589 (48.0)	0.92
PT-INR [mean (SD)]	1.2 (0.90)	1.2 (0.85)	0.93
Antithrombotic treatment	32 (27.6)	342 (27.9)	1.0
Billroth-1 reconstruction (%)	3 (2.6)	31 (2.5)	1.0
Presence of gallstones (%)	75 (64.7)	787 (64.1)	1.0
Successful biliary cannulation (%)	115 (99.1)	1209 (98.5)	1.0
Large stones (> 10 mm) (%)	22 (19.0)	234 (19.1)	1.0

CBDS: Common bile duct stones; CBD: Common bile duct; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PT- EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; EPLBD: Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation; PGW: Pancreatic guidewire; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; INR: Prothrombin time-international normalized ratio.