Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the setting of gastrointestinal cancer: Anatomical prevalence, predictors, and interventions

Table 4 Bivariate analysis comparing various factors based on gastrointestinal hemorrhage status in a population of inpatients with gastrointestinal cancer

Inpatients with GI cancer		No GI hemorrhage		GI hemorrhage		P value
		n = 291115		n = 30507
		Count/mean	Column%/SD	Count/mean	Column%/SD
Demographic factors
Age (yr)		66.2	± 12.8	68.2	± 13.2	< 0.001
Female		125898	43.30	11543	37.80	< 0.001
Race	White	192544	68.30	18633	63.00	< 0.001
	Black	37986	13.50	4727	16.00	< 0.001
	Hispanic	29010	10.30	3462	11.70	< 0.001
	Asian or Pacific Islander	11482	4.10	1562	5.30	< 0.001
	Native American	1494	0.50	189	0.60	0.015
	Other	9345	3.30	999	3.40	0.543
Socioeconomic factors
Insurance	Medicare	161272	55.50	18371	60.30	< 0.001
	Medicaid	33523	11.50	3859	12.70	< 0.001
	Private	81599	28.10	6483	21.30	< 0.001
	Self-pay	6348	2.20	894	2.90	< 0.001
	No charge	628	0.20	71	0.20	0.544
	Other	7379	2.50	799	2.60	0.373
Median household income for patient ZIP Code	1st quartile	78840	27.60	8905	29.70	< 0.001
	2nd quartile	73759	25.80	7733	25.80	0.965
	3rd quartile	69806	24.40	7072	23.60	0.003
	4th quartile	63693	22.30	6241	20.80	< 0.001
Comorbidities
Acute kidney injury		55007	18.90	7849	25.70	< 0.001
Chronic kidney disease		38425	13.20	5766	18.90	< 0.001
Heart failure		8704	3.00	1289	4.20	< 0.001
Cirrhosis and liver failure		32194	11.10	6154	20.20	< 0.001
Intestinal infection		6694	2.30	753	2.50	0.06
Cancer related
Metastasis		125345	43.10	12120	39.70	< 0.001
Chemo and Immunotherapy		57005	19.60	4314	14.10	< 0.001
Radiation gastroenteritis/proctitis		849	0.30	189	0.60	< 0.001
Palliative care		38129	13.10	5318	17.40	< 0.001
Nutritional status
Severe malnutrition and cachexia		41008	14.10	4952	16.20	< 0.001
Obesity		32691	11.20	3127	10.30	< 0.001
Use of antithrombotic/anticoagulants
Aspirin/antiplatelets		30778	10.60	3605	11.80	< 0.001
Anticoagulants		22753	7.80	3345	11.00	< 0.001

Bold values represent a statistically significant higher column proportion. GI: Gastrointestinal.