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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Jun 16, 2021; 13(6): 161-169
Published online Jun 16, 2021. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v13.i6.161
Table 2 Reported patient-, procedure-, and operator-related risk factors for post- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis
Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis by category
Patient-related Procedure-related Operator-related
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunctionPancreatic sphincterotomyEndoscopist inexperience
Age (young or old)Recent sphincter of Oddi manometryLower ERCP case volume
Normal bilirubinDifficult biliary cannulationPoor fluoroscopic imaging
Female sexPapillary balloon dilationAggressive attempts at cannulation
History of PEPNumerous pancreatic duct cannulationsPoor ancillary services
History of pancreatitis Inadvertent/high-pressure pancreatographyUnfamilarity with preventative methods