Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Dec 16, 2021; 13(12): 571-592
Published online Dec 16, 2021. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v13.i12.571
Table 1 Technical specifications of commonly discussed choledochoscopes
Type of choledochoscope
Fibreoptic or digital-based imaging systems1
Outer diameter (mm)
Accessory working channel diameter (mm)
Tip deflections
Percutaneous
CHF-CB30 L/S (Olympus Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan)[13] Digital2.81.22-way (up-down)
Peroral – dual-operator
Mother-baby[4]Fibreoptic“Mother”: 12.6 mm “Baby”: 2.8–3.4 mm0.8 – 1.22-way (up-down)
Short-access-mother-baby (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany)[4]Fibreoptic“Mother”: 12.6 mm “Baby”: 3.4 mm1.52-way (up-down)
Videocholangioscope (CHF-B290; Olympus Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan )[6]Digital3.31.32-way (up-down)
Peroral – Single-Operator
SpyGlass Legacy 2007 (Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, MA, United States)[5]Fibreoptic3.31.24-way (up-down, left-right)
SpyGlass Direct Visualisation 2015 (Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, MA, United States)[5]Digital3.61.24-way (up-down, left-right)
SpyGlass Direct Visualisation II 2018 (Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, MA, United States)Digital Data has not been published yet
Direct peroral choledochoscopy using variety of ultra-thin endoscopes[5]Digital 5.0 – 5.92.04-way (up-down, left-right)