Optimization of biliary drainage in inoperable distal malignant strictures

Table 2 Patient outcomes among different groups

	Half and half stents, n (%)	Fully covered stents, n (%)	Un-covered stents, n (%)	P value
Successful deployment	70/70 (100)	70/70 (100)	70 /70 (100)
Procedure related complications
Major adverse events and or mortality	0	0	0	00
pancreatitis	6 (8.6 )	5 (7.1)	5 (7.1)	0.93
Minor bleeding	4 (5.7)	3 ( 4.3)	5 (7.1)	0.77
Post-ERCP complications
Occlusion	13 (18.6)	12 (17.1)	11 (15.7)	0.9
Early stent adverse effect, within 1 mo	1 (1.4)	4 (5.7)	1 (1.4)	0.21
Sludge formation	9 (12.9)	7 (11.1)	1 (1.4)	0.04
Tumor Ingrowth	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	10 (14.3)	0.00003
Tumor Overgrowth	4 (5.7)	5 (7.1)	0 (0.0)	0.09
Cholangitis due to stent occlusion	7 (10.0)	8 (11.4)	7 (10.0)	0.95
Cholecystitis	0 (0.0)	4 (5.7)	0 (0.0)	0.02
Migration	0 (0.0)	6 (8.6)	0 (0.0)	0.002
Stent patency in d, median (95%CI)	614 (390.6-780.1)	256.0 (167.5-315.4)1,2	536 (323.1-743.9)	0.02
Follow-up in d, median (range)	112 (5-613)	109 (7-621)	108 (7-541)	0.82
Overall survival in d, median (95%CI)	129 (96.8-167.1)	114.0 (92.7 -165.4)	119.0 (89.9-160.1)	0.20

¹Tamhane post-hoc P value < 0.05 between half and half stents and fully covered stents.

²Tamhane post-hoc P value < 0.05 between uncovered stents and fully covered stents. CI: Confidence interval; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography.