Anticoagulation and antiplatelet management in gastrointestinal endoscopy: A review of current evidence

Table 9 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy

Ref.	Year	Country	Study design	n	Procedure	Medication	Relative risk
Freeman et al[64]	1996	United States and Canada	Prospective	2347	ERCP + sphincterotomy	No medications	Incidence of PPB 2%
Masci et al[21]	2001	Italy	Prospective	1662	ERCP + sphincterotomy	No medications	Incidence of PPB 0.7%. Incidence of immediate PPB 1.1%
Tzovaras et al[65]	2012	Greece	Prospective	50	ERCP + sphincterotomy	No medications	Incidence of PPB 2%
Patai et al[66]	2014	Hungary	Prospective	242	ERCP + sphincterotomy	No medications	Incidence of delayed PPB 6.3%. Incidence of immediate/intraprocedural bleeding 2.7%
Tanaka et al[67]	2015	Japan	Prospective	360	ERCP + sphincterotomy	No medications	Incidence of PPB 9.9%
Ikarashi et al[68]	2017	Japan	Retrospective	816	ERCP + sphincterotomy	No medications	Incidence of PPB 2.2%
Bae et al[69]	2019	South Korea	Retrospective	1121	ERCP + sphincterotomy	No medications	Incidence of delayed PPB 1.2%. Incidence of immediate/intraprocedural PPB 8.5%
Lima et al[70]	2020	Brazil	Prospective	2137	ERCP + sphincterotomy	No medications	Incidence of PPB 2.2%
Yan et al[71]	2020	China	Retrospective	8477	ERCP + sphincterotomy	No medications	Incidence of PPB 1.6%

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PPB: Post-procedural bleeding.