Role of endoscopic ultrasound in pediatric patients: A single tertiary center experience and review of the literature

Table 2 Details of endoscopic ultrasound procedures

N	Age	Sex	Indication	EUS findings	EUS-FNA	Diagnosis	Treatment
1	17	F	Tracheal mass assessment before surgery	Hypoechoic tracheal mass measuring 13 mm × 9.5 mm separable from esophageal wall	Nil	Tracheal fibroma	Surgery
2	15	F	Pancreatic head mass	Isoechoic pancreatic head mass with hypoechoic rim about 30 mm × 25 mm separable from all vessels	22G	Well differentiated NET	Surgery
3	12	F	Retroperitoneal mass	Isoechoic mass with small cystic areas about 60 mm × 60 mm compressing the SMA	19G	SPN	Surgery
4	15	F	Ampullary mass	Ampullary cyst 35 mm × 30 mm with double wall and clear content	Nil	Duplication cyst	Endoscopic deroofing
5	15	F	Peri-gastric mass	Extraluminal cyst arising from the muscularis propria of antral wall with double wall about 40 mm × 35 mm	Nil	Duplication cyst	Follow up
6	18	M	Peri-gastric mass	Hypoechoic ill-defined peri-gastric collection with hyperechoic calcified areas	19G	Postpancreatitis collection	Resolved with antibiotics
7	17	M	Rectal SEL	Exophytic rectal mass about 33 mm × 21 mm mostly arising from the muscularis propria with intact submucosa and mucosa	19G	GIST	Surgery
8	18	M	Mediastinal mass	Large subcarinal cyst 10 cm × 7.6 cm compressing the right atrium and trachea with organized blood inside	19G	Bronchogenic cyst	Full aspiration by EUS with no recurrence
9	18	F	Mediastinal mass	Multiple hypoechoic subcarinal, para-aortic and celiac lymph nodes, largest about 22 mm	22G	Lymphoma	Chemotherapy
10	18	M	Abdominal lymphadenopathy	Multiple hypoechoic lymph nodes at portahepatis, para-aortic, and aorto-caval regions, largest about 55 mm × 34 mm. Splenomegaly with multiple focal lesions	22G	Lymphoma	Chemotherapy
11	18	F	Suspected insulinoma	Normal pancreas with no detected lesions	Nil	Nil	Nil
12	6	M	Suspected insulinoma	Normal pancreas with no detected lesions	Nil	Nil	Nil
13	17	F	Suspected insulinoma	Normal pancreas with no detected lesions	Nil	Nil	Nil

G: Gauge; SMA: Superior mesenteric artery; NET: Neuroendocrine tumor; SPN: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm; SEL: Subepithelial lesion; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; EUS-FNA: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration.