Endoscopic advances in the management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A review

Table 1 Etiologies of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Etiologies of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Ulcer/ inflammation	Peptic ulcer disease
	Erosive esophagitis, gastritis or duodenitis
	Anastomotic ulcers (post gastric bypass)
Vascular lesions	Gastric antral vascular ectasia
	Dieulafoy’s lesion
	Angiodysplasia/ Arteriovenous malformation
	Aorto-enteric fistula
Congestive gastropathy	Portal hypertensive gastropathy
Malignant lesions	Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)
	Non-GIST (e.g., Lipoma, schwannoma)
	Gastric and esophageal cancer
	Metastatic lesions in the upper GI tract
Post procedural	Endoscopic mucosal and submucosal dissection
	Post sphincterotomy
Others	Mallory Weis tear
	Cameron ulcers

GI: Gastrointestinal; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors.