In-hospital acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: What is the scope of the problem?

Table 4 Comparison of current findings with previous studies

	Jairath et al[30], 2014	Marmo et al[35], 2014	Müller et al[31], 2009	Klebl et al[32], 2005	Our study
Medications at time of bleeding	Ips > Ops were taking antiplatelet agents	Ips > Ops were taking steroids and heparin	Ips > Ops were taking aspirin, steroids and heparin	Ips > Ops were taking proton pump inhibitors	Ips > Ops were taking heparin, antiplatelets and steroids
		Ips = Ops taking antiplatelets and anticoagulant
PRBC transfusion requirements	Ips = Ops	Ips > Ops	Ips = Ops	Ips > Ops	Ips = Ops
Hemodynamic instability	Ips > Ops	Ips > Ops	Ips = Ops	Ips = Ops regarding systolic blood pressure	Ips > Ops manifested by higher pressure support requirement
				Ips had lower diastolic blood pressure
Rockall score	Ips > Ops	-	-	Ips = Ops	Ips = Ops
Time to endoscopy	Ips = Ops	Ips = Ops	Ips waited longer for upper endoscopy	Ips = Ops in terms of time to endoscopy	Ips waited less for upper endoscopy
Diagnosis	Ips > Ops had more PUD	Ips > Ops had active bleeding lesions	Ips = Ops had ulcers and erosions predominatly	Ips = Ops had predominantly PUD	Ips = Ops had predominantly acid related conditions
	Ops > Ips had variceal bleed
		Ips > Ops had more gastric and duodenal ulcers
ICU admissions	-	Ips > Ops	Ips > Ops	Ips = Ops	Ips = Ops
Alternative treatments	Ips > Ops required more surgical and/or radiolgical interventions	Ips = Ops in terms of surgery requirement	Ips = Ops in terms of surgery requirement	Ips = Ops in terms of surgery requirement	Ops > Ips required surgical interventions
Re-bleeding	Ips > Ops	Ips > Ops (slight)	Ips = Ops	Ips = Ops	Ips = Ops
LOS	Ips > Ops (x2)	Ips > Ops	Ips > Ops	-	Ips > Ops
Mortality	Ips > Ops	Ips > Ops	Ips > Ops	Ips > Ops	Ips > Ops
Death secondary to GI bleeding	-	Ips > Ops	-	Ips > Ops	Ips = Ops

Ips: Inpatients; Ops: Outpatients; ICU: Intensive care unit; PRBC: Packed red blood cell; LOS: Length of stay; PUD: Peptic ulcer disease.