In-hospital acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: What is the scope of the problem?

Table 3 Complications and outcomes

	In-hospital GI bleed (n = 139)	GI bleed on presentation (n = 196)	P value
Transfusion, n (%)	30 (21.6)	61 (31.1)	0.05
Patients requiring PRBC	106 (76.3)	132 (67.3)	0.08
Patients requiring FFP	32 (23)	25 (12.8)	0.01
Number of PRBC median [Interquartile range] (Units)	3 [2-5]	2 [2-4]	< 0.05
Number of FFP (Units)	3 [2-5.5]	2 [2-5]	0.54
Rockall score at endoscopy	5 [4-6]	5 [3-6]	0.45
Glasgow- Blatchford score	12 [9-14]	13 [9-14.5]	0.22
Child-Pugh score in cirrhotics	8 [7-12]	8 [6-9]	0.22
Platelets at bleeding (mean +/-SD)	230.3 +/-9.9	261.5 +/-8.7	0.02
Creatinine at bleeding	1.8 +/-0.1	1.7 +/-0.1	0.77
ASA sore	3.7 +/-0.05	3.4 +/-0.05	0.01
Days till bleeding in inpatients	7.2 +/-7.9
Day of admission
Mon-Fri	99 (71.2)	144 (73.5)	> 0.05
Sat-Sun	38 (27.3)	52 (26.5)
Time of EGD
Before 5 pm	119 (86.9)	166 (84.7)	> 0.05
After 5 pm	18 (13.1)	30 (15.3)
ICU admission	57 (41)	88 (44.9)	0.51
Intubation	22 (15.8)	18 (9.2)	0.06
Vasopressors use	17 (12.2)	8 (4.1)	0.01
Complications
Re-bleeding	3 (2.2)	6 (3.1)	0.62
Aspiration	0	0
Perforation	0	0
Obstruction	1 (0.7)	0	0.23
Other	4 (2.9)	11 (5.6)	0.23
Intervention after EGD			0.02
Interventional radiology guided	4 (2.9)	5 (2.6)	0.87
Surgical	19 (13.7)	52 (26.5)	0.01
Mean duration of bleed (hours)	41	58	< 0.05
Bleed to EGD time (h)	40.9 +/-4.2	57.9 +/-5.7	0.02
LOS post endoscopy (d)	7 [4-11]	4 [2-8]	< 0.05
Length of hospitalization (d)	13 [9-22]	6 [4-11]	< 0.05
Mortality	25 (20)	6 (3.1)	0.01
Cause of mortality
Cardiovascular	15 (10.8)	4 (2)	0.01
GI bleed	4 (2.9)	1 (0.5)	0.08
Malignancy	0	0
Multiorgan failure	6 (4.3)	1 (0.5)	0.02
Sepsis	7 (5)	1 (0.5)	0.01
Thromboembolic	0	1 (0.5)	0.4
Other	11 (7.9)	3 (1.5)	0.01

GI: Gastrointestinal; PRBCs: Packed red blood cells; FFP: Fresh frozen plasma; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; ASA: American society of anesthesiologists; LOS: Length of stay; ICU: Intensive care unit; SD: Standard deviation.