In-hospital acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: What is the scope of the problem?

Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics

	In-hospital GI bleed (n = 139)	GI bleed on presentation (n = 196)	P value
Baseline characteristics, n (%)
Sex
Male	82 (59)	116 (59.2)	0.93
Female	57 (41)	80 (40.8)
Age
< 60	28 (20.2)	62 (31.6)	0.05
60-79	71 (51.1)	85 (43.4)	> 0.05
> 80	39 (28.1)	49 (25)	> 0.05
Smoking	56 (40.3)	76 (38.8)	0.78
Alcohol use	23 (16.6)	58 (29.6)	0.01
Hospitalization within last 6 mo	62 (44.6)	78 (39.8)	0.35
Prior history of upper GI bleed	18 (13)	50 (25.5)	0.66
Prior history of lower GI bleed	3 (2.2)	6 (3.1)
Prior history of PUD	25 (18)	38 (19.4)	0.8
Medication use prior to bleeding
Proton pump inhibitors	51 (36.7)	64 (32.7)	0.44
H2-blockers	11 (7.9)	14 (7.1)	0.79
NSAIDs for > 5 d	11 (7.9)	9 (4.6)	0.21
Steroid	38 (27.3)	23 (11.7)	0.01
Antiplatelets or anticoagulants	112 (80.6)	65 (33.2)	0.01
Aspirin	67 (48.2)	65 (33.2)	0.01
Clopidogrel	36 (25.9)	26 (13.3)	0.01
Prasugrel	0	2 (1)	0.23
Cilostazol	1 (0.7)	0	0.23
Dipyridamole	1 (0.7)	0	0.23
Heparin	55 (39.6)	5 (2.6)	0.01
Low molecular weight heparin	25 (18)	5 (2.6)	0.01
Warfarin	29 (20.9)	22 (11.2)	0.02
Eptifibatide	2 (1.4)	0	0.92
Novel anticogulants	4 (2.9)	12 (6.1)	0.18
Apixaban	3 (2.2)	0	0.04
Rivaroxaban	1 (0.7)	9 (4.6)	0.04
Dabigatran	0	3 (1.5)	0.14

GI: Gastrointestinal; PUD: Peptic ulcer disease; NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.