Impact of the timing of capsule endoscopy in overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding on yield and rebleeding rate - is sooner than 14 d advisable?

Table 1 Patient characteristics n (%)

No. of patients (n = 115)	All	≤ 48 h(n = 39, 33.9)	48 h-14 d(n = 35, 30.4)	≥ 14 d(n = 41, 35.7)	P value1
Time to CE after OOGIB, mean ± SD, d	48.9 ± 161.5
Age, mean ± SD, yr	65.1 ± 14.6	63 ± 14.2	63.9 ± 15.9	68.2 ± 13.6	0.234
Female sex	59 (51.3)	18 (46.2)	20 (57.1)	21 (51.2)	0.64
Comorbidities
Cardiovascular disease	61 (53)	20 (51.3)	16 (45.7)	25 (61)	0.40
Renal disease	20 (17.4)	2 (5.1)	8 (22.9)	10 (24.4)	0.045
Hepatic disease	8 (7)	3 (7.7)	2 (5.7)	3 (7.3)	0.940
Tumour	7 (6.1)	2 (5.1)	2 (5.7)	3 (7.3)	0.91
Previous abdominal surgeries	27 (23.5)	10 (25.6)	8 (22.9)	9 (22)	0.92
Drugs
Anti-platelet drugs	49 (42.6)	17 (43.6)	13 (37.1)	19 (46.3)	0.71
Anticoagulation	25 (21.7)	8 (20.5)	9 (25.7)	8 (19.5)	0.79
NSAIDs	10 (8.7)	4 (10.3)	2 (5.7)	4 (9.8)	0.75
Melena	63 (54.8)	18 (46.2)	21 (60)	24 (58.5)	0.41
Hematochezia	52 (45.2)	21 (53.8)	14 (40)	17 (41.5)	0.41
On-going OOGIB	62 (53.9)	39 (100)	17 (48.6)	6 (14.6)	< 0.001
Hg at admission, mean ± SD, g/dL	8.91 ± 6.24	8.51 ± 2.65	8.26 ± 2.32	9.93 ± 9.88	0.12
INR at admission, mean ± SD	1.61 ± 1.18	1.57 ± 1.00	1.83 ± 1.65	1.47 ± 0.77	0.08
Packed RBC transfusions, mean ± SD, units	1.41 ± 1.31	1.41 ± 1.37	1.51 ± 1.20	1.29 ± 1.36	0.29
Inpatient	78 (67.8)	39 (100)	31 (88.6)	8 (19.5)	< 0.001

¹ANOVA, χ² test, as appropriate; P value of 0.05 indicating statistical significance. CE: Capsule endoscopy; SD: Standard deviations; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OOGIB: Overt-obscure gastrointestinal bleeding; Hg: Hemoglobin; INR: International normalized ratio; RBC: Red blood cells.