Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-induced and non-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-induced acute pancreatitis: Two distinct clinical and immunological entities?

Figure 1 Altered Ca²⁺ homeostasis- change from physiologic intracellular transient Ca²⁺ spikes to pathologically sustained global Ca²⁺ rise, can lead to significantly lower pH values and cause early enzyme activation.