Correlation of periodontal inflamed surface area with glycemic status in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Comparison of glycemic status, oral hygiene status (Debris index–simplified, Calculus index–simplified, Oral hygiene index–simplified), bleeding on probing (% of site), probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, periodontal inflamed surface area and percentage of periodontitis among groups

Variables	Group I	Group II	Group III	P valuea
Duration of DM	8.95 ± 6.86	9.49 ± 6.873	13.67 ± 5.70	< 0.001
HbA1c	6.73 ± 0.25	8.87 ± 1.203	9.40 ± 1.54	< 0.001
FPG	117.25 ± 26.05	170.12 ± 57.86	173.67 ± 66.11	< 0.001
PPPG	176.55 ± 59.63	234.62 ± 79.34	242.17 ± 73.16	< 0.001
BOP (% of site)	55.31 ± 26.22	75.85 ± 22.72	79.14 ± 19.47	< 0.001
DI-S	1.08 ± 0.73	1.55 ± 0.78	1.6 ± 0.66	< 0.001
CI-S	1.31 ± 0.67	1.84 ± 0.71	1.94 ± 0.65	< 0.001
OHI-S	2.37 ± 1.35	3.39 ± 1.41	3.5 ± 1.14	< 0.001
PPD	2.59 ± 0.67	3.36 ± 0.77	3.43 ± 0.75	< 0.001
CAL	2.88 ± 0.77	3.81 ± 0.96	3.96 ± 0.92	< 0.001
PISA	852.22 ± 586.77	1506.5 ± 805.76	1530.05 ± 690.24	< 0.001
Periodontitis (%)	75	93.4	96.6	< 0.001

^aP < 0.001. mean ± SD. A significant difference among three groups for systemic and periodontal variables. DM: Diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin A1c; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; PPBS: Postprandial plasma glucose, BOP: Bleeding on probing; DI-S: Debris index–simplified; CI-S: Calculus index–simplified; OHI-S: Oral hygiene index–simplified; PPD: Probing pocket depth; CAL: Clinical attachment loss; PISA: Periodontal inflamed surface area.