Nephropathy in dietary hyperoxaluria: A potentially preventable acute or chronic kidney disease

Table 1 Daily dietary oxalate intake in various countries and regions

Country-region	Subjects	Subject number	Oxalate intake (mg/24-h)	Ref.
Brazil, Sao Paolo	+Stones	70 (M:42, F:28)	98 ± 1373	[13]
	Healthy controls	41 (M:14, F:27)	108 ± 1333
England	Hospital diet	Not reported	118	[38]
Germany	+Stones, ↑oxaluria	93 (M:73, F:20)	130 ± 1813	[39]
	+Stones, →oxaluria	93 (M:73, F:20)	101 ± 1453
India, Rajasthan	Rural “common” diet	Not reported	78	[40]
	Rural rainy season	Not reported	2045
	Urban, upper income	Not reported	606
	Urban, lower income	Not reported	169
	Hospital diet	Not reported	139
India, Pune	Boys, upper income	100	193 (116-309)4	[41]
	Boys, lower income	100	169 (102-354)4
	Girls, upper income	100	168 (115-209)4
	Girls, lower income	100	133 (87-209)4
Italy	Normal subjects1	12 (M:8, F:4)	335	[42]
	Normal subjects2	12 (M:8, F:4)	18
United States, South	F, 50-79 yr, +Stones	1.179	330 ± 1613	[35]
	F, 50-79 yr. –Stones	1.179	345 ± 1663
United States	M, +Stones	1.627	214 ± 1173	[36]
	M, -Stones	44.358	214 ± 1213
	F, older, +Stones	1.414	184 ± 1093
	F, older, -Stones	91.358	185 ± 1123
	F, younger, +Stones	1.564	179 ± 1213
	F, younger, -Stones	100.260	183 ± 1213

¹Diet containing fruits and vegetables;

²Diet without fruits and vegetables;

³Mean ± SD;

⁴Mean (25^th-75^th percentile). +Stones: History of urinary stones; -Stones: Absence of history of urinary stones; M: Male; F: Female.