Surface electromyography for diagnosing dysphagia in patients with cerebral palsy

Table 5 Diagnostic performance of combinations of surface electromyography parameters at the 3 mL swallowing volume for detecting oropharyngeal dysphagia

sEMG parameters at the 3 mL swallowing volume	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)	Accuracy (%)
Of 4 parameters
≥ 2 parameters met diagnostic criteria1	100	71.7	54.1	100	78.8
≥ 3 parameters met diagnostic criteria1	85.0	93.3	81.0	94.9	91.3
Of 3 parameters other than TDBMG
≥ 2 parameters met diagnostic criteria1	95.0	75.0	55.9	97.8	80.0

¹Diagnostic criteria of each surface electromyography (sEMG) parameter at the 3 mL are as follows: submental muscle group maximum amplitude (SMGMA) ≥ 39.27 μV; infrahyoid muscle group maximum amplitude (IMGMA) ≥ 37.30 μV; time difference between 2 muscle groups (TDBMG) ≥ 0.19 s; amplitude difference between 2 muscle groups (ADBMG) ≥ 12.02 μV. AUC: Area under receiver operating characteristic curve; PPV: Positive predictive value; NA: Not applicable; NPV: Negative predictive value; MSV: Maximum swallowing volume.