Clinicohistopathological implications of phosphoserine 9 glycogen synthase kinase-3β/ β-catenin in urinary bladder cancer patients

Table 5 Clinicohistopathological association of nuclear immunoexpressions of Cyclin D1, Slug and Snail proteins in tumors expressing aberrant levels of either pS9GSK-3β or β-catenin proteins

	Aberrant protein expression of either pS9GSK-3β or β-Catenin: n = 61/90
Characteristics	pS9GSK-3βorβ-Catenin (n = 61/90)	Cyclin D1 Strong nuclear expression (n = 15/61)	Cyclin D1 Weak nuclear expression (n = 46/61)	SnailStrong nuclear expression (n = 18/61)	Snail Weak nuclear expression (n = 43/61)	Slug Strong nuclear expression (n = 12/61)	Slug Weak nuclear expression (n = 49/61)
Age 60 (38-78)	P = 0.18	P = 0.03	P = 0.92	P = 0.36	P = 0.17	P = 0.38	P = 0.6
< 60	30/61	9/30	21/30	7/30	23/30	6/30	24/30
≥ 60	31/61	6/31	25/31	11/31	20/31	6/31	25/31
Stage	P = 0.45	P = 0.05a	P = 0.28	P = 0.96	P = 0.37	P = 0.19	P = 0.47
Non muscle invasive	35/61	12/35	23/35	10/35	25/35	7/35	28/35
Muscle invasive	26/61	3/26	23/26	8/26	18/26	5/26	21/26
Grade	P = 0.13	P = 0.01a	P = 0.55	P = 0.96	P = 0.66	P = 0.45	P = 0.90
Low grade	23/61	9/23	14/23	7/23	16/23	6/23	17/23
High grade	38/61	6/38	32/38	11/38	27/38	6/38	32/38
Type	P = 0.1	P = 0.65	P = 0.33	P = 0.42	P = 0.98	P = 0.19	P = 0.13
Primary	33/61	9/33	25/33	9/33	24/33	9/33	24/33
Recurrent	28/61	6/28	21/28	9/28	19/28	3/28	25/28
Smoking/tobacco chewing	P = 0.7	P = 0.29	P = 0.56	P = 0.75	P = 0.16	P = 0.14	P = 0.26
Yes	40/61	11/40	32/40	13/40	27/40	6/40	32/40
No	19/61	4/19	12/19	5/19	14/19	4/19	17/19
Unknown	2/61	0/2	2/2	0/2	2/2	2/2	0/2
Hematuria	P = 0.93	P = 0.53	P = 0.65	P = 0.26	P = 0.62	P = 0.37	P = 0.73
Present	46/61	12/46	34/46	15/46	31/46	9/46	37/46
Unknown	15/61	3/7	12/7	3/7	12/7	3/7	12/7
Metastasis	P = 0.25	P = 0.51	P = 0.53	P = 0.24	P = 0.58	P = 0.26	P = 0.12
Present	5/61	2/5	3/5	3/5	2/5	2/5	3/5
Absent	56/61	13/56	43/56	15/56	41/56	10/56	46/56

Non parametric Mann Whitney U test was used to determine the P-values;

^aP values ≤ 0.05 are considered as significant.