Multimodal imaging for the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma associated with arteriovenous malformation: A case report

Figure 2 Preoperative neuroimaging. A: T2-weighted axial magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated cystic and solid space-occupying lesions, a visible air-fluid level in the cyst, and flow void signs within the lesion (arrow); B–D: Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a 4.5 cm × 6.3 cm × 4.6 cm necrotic cystic lesion with heterogeneous enhancement involving the basal ganglia, with a midline shift and uncal herniation; E: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed aberrant metabolic function. An increased choline/creatine (Cr) peak ratio and a decreased N-acetyl aspartate/Cr ratio, matching the metabolic signature of glioma, were detected within the lesion.