• Humans
• COVID-19/diagnostic imaging
• COVID-19/complications
• Child
• SARS-CoV-2
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
• Adolescent
• Child, Preschool
• Lung/diagnostic imaging
• Infant
• Female
• Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

• COVID-19
• D-dimer
• Dual-energy CT
• Pulmonary embolism
• Spectral CT

This is a secondary analysis of prospectively acquired data approved by the hospital institutional board committee. We performed a retrospective chart review of 463 patients who underwent a CT Chest for suspected COVID-19 infection between April 1st, 2020, and March 31st, 2021. Patients were grouped based on the CT chest obtained protocol: ultra-low dose or full dose. The likelihood of suspicion of COVID-19 infection was classified on a Likert scale based on the probability of pulmonary involvement. For each group, the sensitivity and specificity of CT were compared to nasopharyngeal swab as standard of reference. The median dose length product and duration of apnea were compared between both groups using two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test. The aim of this study is to share our experience of reducing radiation dose in COVID-19 patients by using an ultra-low dose CT chest protocol on a 16 row multidetector CT scan in a hospital with limited resources.

Two hundred sixty-nine patients underwent a full dose CT and 194 patients an ultra-low dose CT. In the former group, the median dose length product was 341.11 mGy*cm [Interquartile range (IQR), 239.1–443.2] and the median duration of apnea was 13.29 s [IQR, 10.85–15.73]. In the latter group, the median dose length product was 30.8 mGy*cm [IQR, 28.9–32.7] and median duration of apnea was 8.27 s [IQR, 7.69–8.85]. The sensitivity of the ultra-low dose CT was 91.2% and that of the full dose was 94%.

A 90% reduction in estimated dose and 38% reduction in apnea duration could be achieved using an ultra-low dose CT chest protocol on a 16-row MDCT without significant loss in the sensitivity of CT to detect COVID-related parenchymal involvement.

• authentic leadership
• flourishing
• organizational support
• precariousness
• trust in the organization

Nowadays, the business pattern is changing globally. The business organization is influenced customers to purchase their necessary goods and services from online businesses. The online-based business takes promotional activities through social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest.

The aim of the research was to investigate the impact of social media on online shopping behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of Bangladeshi consumers.

Quantitative type research was applied and the study used descriptive research design. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect 350 data points from Bangladeshi consumers using an online purposive sampling method. A partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was used to evaluate the data and test the hypotheses.

PLS-SEM analysis method demonstrated that celebrity endorsement, promotional tools, and online reviews had a positive significant impact on online shopping behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in the perspective of Bangladesh.

The research paper provides practical guidelines for online-based business organizations on how to effectively use social media platforms for business target advertising and promotional activities. The customers are also motivated to purchase through social media because of positive online reviews and trustworthy celebrity endorsements.

• Bangladeshi consumers
• COVID-19 pandemic
• Online shopping
• PLS-SEM
• Social media

• Artificial intelligence
• COVID-19
• Chest CT
• ICU admission

• Artificial Intelligence
• COVID-19
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Intensive Care Units
• Prognosis
• SARS-CoV-2
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods

We conducted this study to assess the diagnostic test properties of point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) of lung and cardiovascular system in prediction of mortality in COVID-19 patients.

This is a cross-sectional study of 178 Covid-19 patients; POCUS was performed within one hour of admission to the ICU. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value for prediction of mortality.

The mean (SD) age of these patients was 57.3 (12.8) years. The findings were on cardiac ultrasonography were: mild pericardial effusion (45%), chamber dilatation (15%), hypokinesia (11%), and low ejection fraction (8%). In our study, 30 patients (17%) had died. A cut-off score of > to 13 (for lung ultrasound score [LUS]) had high sensitivity for mortality (93.3%, 95% CI: 77.9–99.2%). However, low ejection fraction (92.3%, 95% CI: 86,6–96.1%), and thrombosis in either vein (96.5%, 95% CI: 92.0–98.9%) were specific for mortality. A combination of LUS > =13 or low ejection fraction or thrombosis or spontaneous echo contrast (slow flow) improved sensitivity for mortality to 96.7% (95% CI: 82.8–99.9%). The agreement between LUS of > =13 and CT score of moderate/severe was 85.7% (95% CI: 62.8–100%). The interrater agreement between these two parameters was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.97).

Multi-organ POCUS is effective in diagnosis, prognosis, and management of COVID-19 patients. Rather than just lung ultrasound, clinicians should use multiorgan POCUS for early identification of severe lung involvement and thrombotic changes; it may help reduce mortality in these patients.

• COVID-19
• Echocardiography
• Lung ultrasound
• POCUS
• Point-of-care

• COVID-19
• Critical Illness
• Echocardiography
• Humans
• Lung/diagnostic imaging
• Point-of-Care Systems
• SARS-CoV-2
• Ultrasonography

• Medical University of Vienna

• COVID-19
• Molecular imaging
• Positron emission tomography (PET)
• SARS-CoV-2

• COVID-19
• Humans
• Pandemics
• Positron-Emission Tomography
• SARS-CoV-2
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed

• 81761148029, 21788102, 32027802 and 82030049 National Natural Science Foundation of China

• ARDS
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Complications of mechanical ventilation
• Covid-19 ARDS
• Endotracheal intubation
• Pneumomediastinum
• Pneumothorax

• COVID-19
• Humans
• Oxygen Saturation
• Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects
• Respiratory Distress Syndrome/diagnostic imaging
• Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy
• SARS-CoV-2

• UL1 TR001863 NCATS NIH HHS

• 3D convolutional neural network
• COVID-19
• data enhancement
• infection segmentation
• weighted loss function

• 2017YFB1002804 National Key Research and Development Program of China
• 2020-JKCS-008 Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
• WKJ-ZJ-2112 Major Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province Health Commission
• L202030 Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Joint funds of Haidian Original innovation Project
• FRF-DF-20-05 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

• COVID-19
• Coronavirus
• Doppler imaging
• Lung Ultrasound
• Pandemic
• Pneumothorax

• COVID-19
• Corona virus
• Imaging
• SARS-CoV-2

• Artificial Intelligence
• COVID-19
• Humans
• Pneumonia, Viral
• Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
• SARS-CoV-2

• P30 CA008748 NCI NIH HHS
• Universität Bern

The first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a year of unprecedented changes, scientific breakthroughs, and controversies. The radiology community has not been spared from the challenges imposed on global healthcare systems. Radiology has played a crucial part in tackling this pandemic, either by demonstrating the manifestations of the virus and guiding patient management, or by safely handling the patients and mitigating transmission within the hospital. Major modifications involving all aspects of daily radiology practice have occurred as a result of the pandemic, including workflow alterations, volume reductions, and strict infection control strategies. Despite the ongoing challenges, considerable knowledge has been gained that will guide future innovations. The aim of this review is to provide the latest evidence on the role of imaging in the diagnosis of the multifaceted manifestations of COVID-19, and to discuss the implications of the pandemic on radiology departments globally, including infection control strategies and delays in cancer screening. Lastly, the promising contribution of artificial intelligence in the COVID-19 pandemic is explored.

• COVID-19
• Infectious diseases
• Diagnostic imaging
• Radiography
• Computed tomography
• Artificial intelligence

• COVID-19
• Computed tomography
• Coronavirus
• Diagnostic imaging
• Future trends
• Outcomes
• Pandemic
• Radiography

Earlier in its course, SARS-CoV-2 was primarily identified to cause an acute respiratory illness in adults, the elderly and immunocompromised, while children were known to be afflicted with milder symptoms. However, since mid-April of 2020, latent effects of the virus have begun emerging in children and adolescents, which is characterised by a multisystem hyperinflammatory state; thus, the term Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) was introduced by the WHO and CDC. The syndrome manifests itself approximately 4 weeks after COVID-19 infection, with symptoms mimicking Kawasaki Disease and Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome. Demographically, MIS-C peaks in children aged 5 to 14 years, with clusters in Europe, North and Latin America seen, later followed by Asia. Although the exact pathophysiology behind the syndrome is unknown, recent studies have proposed a post-infectious immune aetiology, which explains the increased levels of immunoglobulins seen in affected patients. Patient presentation includes, but is not limited to, persistent fever, rash, gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiac complications including myocarditis. These patients also have raised inflammatory markers including C reactive protein, ferritin and interleukin-6. In poorly controlled patients, the syndrome can lead to multiorgan failure and death. The mainstay of treatment includes the use of intravenous immunoglobulins, steroids, immune modulators and aspirin. Adjunct therapy includes the use of low molecular weight heparin or warfarin for long term anticoagulation. Currently very little is known about the syndrome, highlighting the need for awareness amongst healthcare workers and parents. Moreover, with increased cases of COVID-19 as a result of the second wave, it is essential to keep MIS-C in mind when attending patients with a past history of COVID-19 exposure or infection. Additionally, once these patients have been identified and treated, strict follow-up must be done in order carry out long term studies, and to identify possible sequelae and complications.

• COVID-19
• infectious diseases
• kawasaki disease
• management
• multisystem inflammatory syndrome
• pandemic
• pathophysiology
• pediatric
• workup

• COVID-19
• Pandemic
• Pneumonia
• Radiology
• SARS-CoV-2
• Tomography

• COVID-19
• CT
• Chest X-ray
• MRI
• Medical imaging
• Pandemic
• SARS-CoV-2
• Ultrasound

• COVID-19
• CT
• Lung densitometry
• Respiratory distress syndrome

• COVID-19
• Densitometry
• Humans
• Lung
• Retrospective Studies
• SARS-CoV-2
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed

• COVID-19
• SARS-CoV-2
• Viral infection

• CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance
• COVID-19
• Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
• LGE, late gadolinium enhancement
• SARS-CoV-2
• STIR, short tau inversion recovery
• Southern Italy

Background and Objectives: Real-time remote tele-mentored echocardiography (RTMUS echo) involves the transmission of clinical ultrasound (CU) cardiac images with direct feedback from a CU expert at a different location. In this review, we summarize the current uses of RTMUS to diagnose and manage cardiovascular dysfunction and discuss expanded and future uses. Materials and Methods: We performed a literature search (PubMed and EMBase) to access articles related to RTMUS echo. We reviewed articles for selection using Covidence, a web-based tool for managing systematic reviews and data were extracted using a separate standardized collection form. Results: Our search yielded 15 articles. Twelve of these articles demonstrated the feasibility of having a novice sonographer mentored by a tele-expert in obtaining a variety of cardiac ultrasound views. The articles discussed different technological specifications for the RTMUS system, but all showed that adequate images were able to be obtained. Overall, RTMUS echo was found to be a positive intervention that contributed to patient care. Conclusion: RTMUS echo allows for rapid access to diagnostic imaging in various clinical settings. RTMUS echo can help in assessing patients that may require a higher level of isolation precautions or in other resource-constrained environments. In the future, identifying the least expensive way to utilize RTMUS echo will be important.

• SARS-CoV-2
• clinical ultrasound
• critical care
• echocardiography
• teleultrasound

• Chest CT scan
• Covid-19
• Tree-in-bud

• COVID-19
• Coronavirus
• Dose reduction
• German Level-I center
• Low-dose chest CT
• SARS-CoV2

Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) infection in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital Hubei province, central of China, more than 4 million people have contracted the virus worldwide. Despite the imposed precautions, coronavirus disease-19 is rapidly spreading with human-to-human transmission resulting in more than 290,000 death as of May 13, 2020 according to World Health Organization (WHO). The aim of this study was to revise the characteristic imaging features of Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) during their outbreak, and to compare them with that of COVID-19, to familiarize radiologists with the imaging spectrum of corona-virus syndromes. This study will help in more understanding and characterisation of COVID-19 to support the global efforts in combating its worldwide outbreak.

• And Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
• CT scan
• Corona virus Disease-19 (COVID-19)
• Coronavirus
• Outbreak
• Pneumonia
• Radiographic imaging
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

• COVID-19
• Coronavirus disease 2019
• Pneumonia
• SARS-CoV-2
• Tomography
• X-Ray computed

• Areas of consolidation
• Computed tomography
• Differential diagnosis
• Fibrotic lung parenchyma
• Ground glass opacifications

• Betacoronavirus
• COVID-19
• Coronavirus Infections
• Humans
• Lung
• Pandemics
• Pneumonia, Viral
• SARS-CoV-2

• Medical University of Vienna

The aim of this case series is to illustrate possible [18F]-FDG uptake patterns associated to COVID-19.

Retrospective assessment of all Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scans performed for any clinical / oncological reason from 1st April 2020 to 30th April 2020. Results of PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 were retrieved for all patients with lung consolidations and/or peripheral ground glass opacities characterized by increased metabolism to evaluate any possible association with the viral infection.

Seven (4%) out of 172 FDG-PET scans were included. Six out of seven patients (85%) had positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, while one patient (15%) had possible (not PCR confirmed) COVID-19 pneumonia.

Suspicious accidental COVID-19 findings in Nuclear Medicine Department need to be reported and appropriately evaluated to implement proper supportive treatment and infection control measures.

• COVID-19
• Diagnosis
• FDG PET/CT
• Ground-glass opacity
• Imaging
• SARS-CoV-2

• COVID – 19 pneumonia
• Pulmonary cavity
• Pulmonary fibrosis

Information regarding the use of lung ultrasound (LUS) in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is quickly accumulating, but its use for risk stratification and outcome prediction has yet to be described. We performed the first systematic and comprehensive LUS evaluation of consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection, in order to describe LUS findings and their association with clinical course and outcome.

Between 21/03/2020 and 04/05/2020, 120 consecutive patients admitted to the Tel Aviv Medical Center due to COVID-19, underwent complete LUS within 24 h of admission. A second exam was performed in case of clinical deterioration. LUS score of 0 (best)—36 (worst) was assigned to each patient. LUS findings were compared with clinical data.

The median baseline total LUS score was 15, IQR [7–20]. Baseline LUS score was 0–18 in 80 (67%) patients, and 19–36 in 40 (33%) patients. The majority had patchy pleural thickening (n = 100; 83%), or patchy subpleural consolidations (n = 93; 78%) in at least one zone. The prevalence of pleural thickening, subpleural consolidations and the total LUS score were all correlated with severity of illness on admission. Clinical deterioration was associated with increased follow-up LUS scores (p = 0.0009), mostly due to loss of aeration in anterior lung segments. The optimal cutoff point for LUS score was 18 (sensitivity = 62%, specificity = 74%). Both mortality and need for invasive mechanical ventilation were increased with baseline LUS score > 18 compared to baseline LUS score 0–18. Unadjusted hazard ratio of death for LUS score was 1.08 per point [1.02–1.16], p = 0.008; Unadjusted hazard ratio of the composite endpoint (death or need for invasive mechanical ventilation) for LUS score was 1.12 per point [1.05–1.2], p = 0.0008.

Hospitalized patients with COVID-19, at all clinical grades, present with pathological LUS findings. Baseline LUS score strongly correlates with the eventual need for invasive mechanical ventilation and is a strong predictor of mortality. Routine use of LUS may guide patients’ management strategies, as well as resource allocation in case of surge capacity.

The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-020-06212-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome
• COVID-19
• Clinical outcomes
• Lung ultrasound
• Risk stratification

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak poses a serious public health risk. To date, the disease has affected almost all countries in the world. The enormous scale of the outbreak and the relative lack of knowledge and information regarding a new virus, as well as the unpredictability of events, make it challenging for leadership teams to respond. This paper shares how we have reconfigured our radiology leadership team into a smaller disease outbreak task force (DOTF) to respond and coordinate all related efforts during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The DOTF format is modelled after the military with domain groups looking at manpower, intelligence, operations, and logistics matters on a daily basis so that timely decisions can be made and action plans executed promptly. In managing the DOTF, discipline, flexibility, and teamwork are key principles, and these are built upon a strong foundation of focus on infection prevention and control, and patient and staff safety as well as staff well-being. The DOTF has positioned us well to confront the many challenges to date. We believe it will also help us navigate the complex issues that will arise with future surges in cases and in formulating strategies to manage exit from the present and future lockdowns.

• In a pandemic, regular and directed meetings by a smaller leadership core group are required, for prompt decision making and execution of action plans.

• The military format, with domain groups to look at manpower, intelligence, operations, and logistics matters, is useful in managing a pandemic.

• Discipline, flexibility, and teamwork with strong focus on infection prevention and control, and patient and staff safety as well as staff well-being are key principles for leadership teams managing a pandemic.

• COVID-19
• Coronavirus
• Disease outbreaks
• Leadership
• Pandemics
• Radiology

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on health care systems across the globe in a short period of time. There is a growing body of evidence surrounding the findings on hybrid imaging with FDG-PET/CT, and this case highlights the importance of molecular imaging in better understanding of the biomarkers of the disease which ultimately determine the success in building a model to predict the disease severity and monitoring the response to treatment.

• 18F-FDG PET/CT
• COVID-19

• ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
• CAP, community-acquired pneumonia
• COVID-19
• COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
• CRP, C-Reactive Protein
• CT chest
• Coronavirus
• GGO, ground-glass opacity
• MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome
• PUI, patient under investigation
• RT-PCR
• RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
• SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
• SARSCoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2