Cardiac remodeling and physical training post myocardial infarction

Table 1 Summary of physical training protocols and outcomes in selected human studies

Ref.	Type of exercise	Exercise intensity	Exercise duration	Exercise frequency	Training period	Assessment	Outcome
Braith et al[32] 1999	Treadmill walk	40%-70% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2)	Started with 10-20 min as tolerated and increased to 30-45 min by the 10th wk	3 times/wk	4 mo	Plasma RAAS	Reduced Resting AngII, Aldosterone, vasopressin, and atrial natriuretic peptide
Myers et al[143] 2001	Outdoor walking at an elevation of 3500 ft, in addition to cycling	60%-70% of peak VO2	Two 1-h sessions of walking, 45 min of cycling	5 times/wk	2 mo	Post-exercise oxygen uptake kinetics	High-intensity training did not result in a faster recovery of oxygen debt
La Rovere et al[144] 20021	Graded exercise (cycling, calisthenics)	Adjusted to 75% of the heart rate at peak VO2	30 min	5 times/wk	1 mo	BRS, LVEF	BRS improved by 26%, while LVEF remained unchanged
Marchionni et al[145] 20032	Cycling	70%-85% of max heart rate	1 h	3 times/wk	6 mo	Total work capacity, health-related quality of life	Improved total work capacity and health-related quality of life
Zheng et al[146] 20081	Bicycle ergometer	75% of peak heart rate	30 min	3 time/wk	6 mo	HR recovery, time to reach anaerobic threshold, left ventricular end-diastolic	Exercise training prevented ventricular remodeling to a certain extent
Giallauria et al[46] 2013	Bicycle ergometer	60%-70% of peak VO2	30 min	3 times/wk	6 mo	diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction dipyridamole rest gated myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography	Improved peak oxygen consumption, myocardial perfusion and LV function

¹Exercise was part of a comprehensive secondary prevention program;

²Combination study consisting of Home and Hospital/group participants. RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; BRS: Baroreflex sensitivity.