Literature review on the management of diabetic foot ulcer

Table 4 Different types of nonvascular diabetic foot surgery

Type	Explanation
Elective	The main goal of this surgery is to relieve the pain associated with particular deformities such as hammertoes, bunions, and bone spurs in patients without peripheral sensory neuropathy and at low risk for ulceration
Prophylactic	These procedures are indicated to prevent ulceration from occurring or recurring in patients with neuropathy, including those with a past history of ulceration (but without active ulceration)
Curative	These procedures are performed to effect healing of a non-healing ulcer or a chronically recurring ulcer when offloading and standard wound care techniques are not effective. These include multiple surgical procedures aimed at removing areas of chronically increased peak pressure as well as procedures for resecting infected bone or joints as an alternative to partial foot amputation
Emergent	These procedures are performed to arrest or limit progression of acute infection

Data adapted from Frykberg et al[18].