Portal hypertensive gastropathy: A systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, natural history and therapy

Table 1 Rates of portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with portal hypertension

Ref.	Analyzed patients	Total number	No. (%) with PHG	No. (%) with mild PHG	No. (%) with severe PHG
McCormack et al[3]	Portal hypertension	127	65 (51%)	37 (29%)	28 (22%)
Sarin et al[5]	Portal hypertension	136	10 (7%)
DeWeert et al[6]	Non-alcoholic liver disease	81	23 (28%)	Not reported	Not reported
McCormick et al[7]	Portal hypertension	93 endoscopies in 74 patients	85 endoscopies (91%)	6 (6%), moderate 61 (66%)	18 (19%)
Sarin et al[8]	Portal hypertension	107	4 (3.7%) (only cirrhotic)	Not reported	Not reported
Parikh et al[9]	Portal hypertension	118	71 (60%)	41 (58%)	30 (42%)
Sarin et al[10]	Portal hypertension with prior variceal bleeding	967	86 (9%)	56 (5.8%)	30 (3.1%)
Itha et al[11]	EHPVO in children	163	(12%)	Not reported	Not reported
Rana et al[12]	Portal hypertension	41	27 (66%)	19 (46%)	8 (20%)
El-Rifai et al[13]	Portal hypertension	24	14 (58%)	10 (42%) - moderate	4 (16%)
Sogaard et al[14]	Portal vein thrombosis	67	28 (42%)	Not reported	Not reported
Figueiredo et al[15]	Portal hypertension; cirrhosis	36	27 (75%)		5 (46%)
Erden et al[16]	Portal hypertension	57	15 (26.3%)	Not reported	Not reported
Duché et al[17]	Children, portal hypertension with biliary atresia	125	27 (21%)	Not reported	Not reported
Aydoğan et al[18]	Portal hypertension	51	30 (58%)	Not reported	Not reported
dos Santos et al[19]	Portal hypertension	43	22 (51%)	Not reported	Not reported
Pantham et al[20]	Esophageal varices undergoing TEE	24	12 (50%)	Not reported	Not reported
Abdollahi et al[21]	Autoimmune hepatitis	60	27 (45%)	Not reported	Not reported
de Alcantara et al[22]	Chronic liver disease vs EHPVO	35 vs 18	7 (20%) vs 8 (44.4%)	Not reported	Not reported
Aoyama et al[23]	Portal hypertension	119	35 (29%)	Not reported	Not reported

PHG: Portal hypertensive gastropathy; EHPVO: Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction; TEE: Transesophageal echocardiogram.