Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: From basic research to clinical use

Table 2 Information of clinical trials of tumor vaccine on hepatocellular carcinoma after 2008

Interventions	Design	Start year	Main inclusion criteria	Primary outcomes	Registered No.	Status
AFP + GM-CSF plasmid prime and AFP adenoviral vector boost	Phase I/II	2008	Locoregionally treated HCC	Dose, toxicity, and immunological response rate	NCT00669136	Terminated because of poor accrual
DC loaded with autologous tumor	Phase II	2008	Metastatic HCC, available of tumor tissue	2-mo response rate	NCT00610389	Unknown
DC loaded with specific peptides of AFP	Phase I/II	2009	Patients with previous treatment, AFP ≥ 40 ng/mL, HLA A 0201 group	Adverse events	NCT01128803	Terminated
DEC-205-NY-ESO-1 fusion protein vaccine	Phase I	2012	After resection and TACE for HCC	Adverse events	NCT01522820	Recruiting
COMBIG-DC: allogeneic DC cancer vaccine	Phase I	2013	Not eligible for curative treatment or TACE, BCLC stage B and C	Adverse events	NCT01974661	Recruiting
In-situ therapeutic cancer vaccine	Phase I	2013	Refractory HCC, not eligible for or failed any treatment, AFP > 30	Safety	NCT01923233	Recruiting
V5 therapeutic vaccine	Phase III	2014	Advanced HCC	Changes in plasma AFP	NCT02232490	Not yet recruiting

AFP: α-fetoprotein; DC: Dendritic cell; GM-CSF: Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; BCLC: Barcelona clinic liver cancer classification.