Impact of COVID-19 on the clinical status of patients with Wilson disease

Table 1 Clinical features and complications in patients with Wilson disease before and after coronavirus disease 2019

	Before COVID-19 (n = 68)	After COVID-19 (n = 68)	P value
Demographic characteristics
Age (yr)	28.00 (23.00–33.00)		-
Male sex	37 (54.41)		-
Hepatic features
Elevated ALT (> 40 U/L)	16 (23.53)	12 (17.65)	0.424
Elevated AST (> 35 U/L)	13 (19.12)	17 (25.00)	0.388
Elevated bilirubin (> 17.1 µmol/L)	15 (22.06)	13 (19.12)	0.754
Hypoproteinemia (albumin < 35 g/L)	10 (14.71)	12 (17.65)	0.774
Elevated PT (> 15 s)	11 (16.18)	13 (19.12)	0.791
Elevated INR (> 1.5)	1 (1.47)	2 (2.94)	1.000
Child-Pugh			1.000
A	64 (94.12)	65 (95.59)
B/C	4 (5.88)	3 (4.41)
Cirrhosis	57 (83.82)	57 (83.82)	1.000
Extrahepatic features
Neurological manifestations	50 (73.5)	49 (72.1)	1.000
Psychiatric manifestations	3 (4.4)	4 (5.9)	1.000
Kayser-Fleischer ring	32 (47.1)	35 (51.5)	0.375
Splenomegaly/splenectomy	45 (66.2)	47 (69.1)	0.688
Complications
Any complication	8 (11.76)	16 (23.53)	0.021
Ascites	2 (1.5)	5 (7.4)	0.375
Infections	1 (1.5)	8 (11.8)	0.016
Respiratory infection	0 (0)	5 (7.4)	0.063
Urinary infection	0 (0)	1 (1.5)	1.000
Gastrointestinal infection	1 (1.5)	2 (2.9)	1.000
SBP	0 (0)	1 (1.5)	1.000
PVT	0 (0)	0 (0)	-
Gastroesophageal varices	5 (7.4)	7 (10.3)	0.500
Variceal bleeding	0 (0)	1 (1.5)	1.000
Hepatic encephalopathy	0 (0)	0 (0)	-
Renal impairment	0 (0)	0 (0)	-
Liver failure	0 (0)	0 (0)	-
HCC	0 (0)	0 (0)	-

Data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges) or n (%). ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; INR: International normalized ratio; PT: Prothrombin time; PVT: Portal vein thrombosis; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.