Trends in treatment and overall survival among patients with proximal esophageal cancer

Table 2 Univariable and multivariable hazard ratios for overall survival of patients diagnosed with non-metastatic proximal esophageal cancer (n = 2194)

Charactistics	n	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis		Multivariable analysis1
		HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Period
1989-1994	405	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
1995-1999	411	0.92 (0.80-1.05)	0.21	0.91 (0.79-1.05)	0.18	0.85 (0.74-0.98)	0.03
2000-2004	456	0.92 (0.81-1.06)	0.24	0.97 (0.85-1.12)	0.71	0.94 (0.82-1.08)	0.39
2005-2009	448	0.73 (0.63-0.83)	< 0.001	0.77 (0.67-0.89)	< 0.001	0.88 (0.76-1.02)	0.09
2010-2014	474	0.59 (0.51-0.68)	< 0.001	0.72 (0.62-0.85)	< 0.001	0.94 (0.79-1.10)	0.43
Age
< 60 yr	562	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
60-74 yr	1002	1.06 (0.95-1.18)	0.30	1.11 (0.99-1.23)	0.08	0.97 (0.86-1.08)	0.53
≥ 75 yr	630	1.50 (1.33-1.69)	< 0.001	1.51 (1.34-1.71)	< 0.001	1.00 (0.87-1.14)	0.95
Histology
SCC	1797	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
AC	242	1.07 (0.93-1.23)	0.37	0.97 (0.84-1.12)	0.64	0.88 (0.76-1.02)	0.09
Other	155	1.47 (1.24-1.74)	< 0.001	1.22 (1.03-1.44)	0.02	1.11 (0.93-1.31)	0.25
Tumor location
UTEC	1672	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
CEC	522	0.97 (0.88-1.08)	0.59	0.89 (0.80-0.98)	0.02	0.95 (0.86-1.06)	0.37
cT category
cT1-3	642	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
cT4	506	2.03 (1.79-2.30)	< 0.001	1.93 (1.69-2.19)	< 0.001	1.62 (1.42-1.85)	< 0.001
cTx	1046	1.75 (1.57-1.94)	< 0.001	1.50 (1.33-1.69)	< 0.001	1.25 (1.11-1.41)	< 0.001
cN category
cN0	825	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
cN+	811	1.29 (1.16-1.43)	< 0.001	1.44 (1.29-1.60)	< 0.001	1.35 (1.21-1.50)	< 0.001
cNx	558	2.06 (1.84-2.30)	< 0.001	1.78 (1.59-2.00)	< 0.001	1.37 (1.22-1.55)	< 0.001
Treatment
No localized treatment	538	Ref.				Ref.
Resection	183	0.19 (0.16-0.22)	< 0.001			0.22 (0.18-0.26)	< 0.001
Neoadjuvant and resection	126	0.15 (0.12-0.18)	< 0.001			0.17 (0.13-0.21)	< 0.001
Radio- and chemotherapy	480	0.17 (0.14-0.19)	< 0.001			0.19 (0.16-0.22)	< 0.001
Chemotherapy	67	0.38 (0.29-0.49)	< 0.001			0.39 (0.30-0.50)	< 0.001
Radiotherapy	800	0.38 (0.34-0.42)	< 0.001			0.40 (0.36-0.46)	< 0.001

¹Additionally adjusted for treatment category. SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; AC: Adenocarcinoma; CEC: Cervical esophageal cancer; UTEC: Upper thoracic esophageal cancer; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.