Berberine prevents stress-induced gut inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity and reduces intestinal motility in rats

Figure 3 Effects of berberine on NF-κB (P65) protein and NF-κB (P65) DNA-binding protein expression. Expression of NF-κB (P65) protein and DNA-binding protein of NF-κB in 1: Control group; 2: Water avoidance stress (WAS) group; 3: Rifaximin group; 4: 25 mg/kg berberine (BBR) group; 5: 100 mg/kg BBR group. Letters a, b, and c: P < 0.05 compared with those in the control group, WAS group, and 25 mg/kg BBR group, respectively. WAS: Water avoidance stress; BBR: Berberine.