Systems pharmacology approach reveals the antiinflammatory effects of Ampelopsis grossedentata on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis

Figure 5 Ampelopsis grossedentata has protective effects on ulcerative colitis by inhibiting inflammation. A: mRNA expression of inflammation-related cytokines in colon tissues, with actin used as loading control; B: Relative expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines in serum examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; C: Representative images of anti-TNF-α immunohistochemistry; D: Representative images of anti-IL-1β immunohistochemistry. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^eP < 0.001. AMP: Ampelopsis grossedentata; DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; UC: Ulcerative colitis.