Colors of vegetables and fruits and the risks of colorectal cancer

Table 4 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for colorectal cancer risk in relation to intake of vegetables and fruits

Total energy adjusted vegetables and fruits intake	Male (n = 1875)				Female (n = 894)			Total (n = 2769)
	Controls	Age-adjusted	Multivariate		Controls	Age-adjusted	Multivariate	Controls	Age-adjusted	Multivariate
	/cases (n)	OR (95%CI)	OR1 (95%CI)		/cases (n)	OR (95%CI)	OR1 (95%CI)	/cases (n)	OR (95%CI)	OR1 (95%CI)
Total vegetables and fruits (g/d)
T1 (< 224.2)	417/275	1.00	1.00	T1 (< 317.7)	199/166	1.00	1.00	616/441	1.00	1.00
T2 (224.2-< 380.0)	416/230	0.83 (0.67-1.04)	0.94 (0.74-1.21)	T2 (317.7- < 534.8)	199/91	0.55 (0.39-0.75)	0.60 (0.42-0.85)	615//321	0.72 (0.60-0.87)	0.81 (0.67-0.99)
T3 (≥ 380.0)	417/120	0.43 (0.34-0.56)	0.60 (0.45-0.79)	T3 (≥ 534.8)	198/41	0.25 (0.17-0.37)	0.32 (0.21-0.48)	615/161	0.36 (0.29-0.45)	0.50 (0.40-0.63)
P for trend2		< 0.001	< 0.001			< 0.001	< 0.001		< 0.001	< 0.001
Total vegetables (g/d)
T1 (< 123.0)	416/256	1.00	1.00	T1 (< 135.9)	198/143	1.00	1.00	614/399	1.00	1.00
T2 (123.0-< 203.6)	418/270	1.05 (0.84-1.30)	1.19 (0.93-1.52)	T2 (135.9- < 219.1)	200/110	0.76 (0.55-1.04)	0.89 (0.62-1.26)	618/380	0.94 (0.79-1.13)	1.05 (0.86-1.28)
T3 (≥ 203.6)	416/99	0.38 (0.29-0.50)	0.48 (0.36-0.64)	T3 (≥ 219.1)	198/45	0.31 (0.21-0.46)	0.37 (0.24-0.57)	614/114	0.36 (0.29-0.45)	0.43 (0.34-0.55)
P for trend		< 0.001	< 0.001			< 0.001	< 0.001		< 0.001	< 0.001
Total fruits (g/d)
T1 (< 68.3)	416/224	1.00	1.00	T1 (< 135.0)	198/129	1.00	1.00	614/353	1.00	1.00
T2 (68.3-< 178.1)	418/265	1.18 (0.94-1.47)	1.36 (1.06-1.74)	T2 (135.0- < 307.1)	199/124	0.96 (0.70-1.31)	1.03 (0.73-1.46)	617/389	1.09 (0.91-1.31)	1.21 (1.00-1.48)
T3 (≥ 178.1)	416/136	0.61 (0.47-0.78)	0.77 (0.58-1.02)	T3 (≥ 307.1)	199/45	0.35 (0.23-0.51)	0.41 (0.27-0.63)	615/181	0.51 (0.41-0.63)	0.67 (0.53-0.84)
P for trend		< 0.001	0.017			< 0.001	< 0.001		< 0.001	< 0.001
Green vegetables and fruits (g/d)
T1 (< 48.8)	417/238	1.00	1.00	T1 (< 61.0)	199/151	1.00	1.00	616/389	1.00	1.00
T2 (48.8-< 93.6)	417/280	1.17 (0.94-1.46)	1.21 (0.94-1.54)	T2 (61.0-< 114.2)	198/115	0.76 (0.56-1.04)	0.89 (0.63-1.27)	615/395	1.01 (0.84-1.21)	1.06 (0.87-1.30)
T3 (≥ 93.6)	416/107	0.45 (0.34-0.58)	0.49 (0.36-0.65)	T3 (≥ 114.2)	199/32	0.21 (0.14-0.32)	0.25 (0.16-0.40)	615/139	0.35 (0.28-0.44)	0.39 (0.31-0.50)
P for trend		< 0.001	< 0.001			< 0.001	< 0.001		< 0.001	< 0.001
Red/purple vegetables and fruits (g/d)
T1 (< 22.1)	416/191	1.00	1.00	T1 (< 39.5)	199/112	1.00	1.00	615/303	1.00	1.00
T2 (22.1- < 62.2)	417/266	1.39 (1.10-1.75)	1.63 (1.26-2.11)	T2 (39.5-< 98.5)	199/121	1.08 (0.78-1.49)	1.21 (0.84-1.73)	616/387	1.27 (1.06-1.54)	1.46 (1.19-1.79)
T3 (≥ 62.2)	417/168	0.88 (0.68-1.12)	1.10 (0.83-1.44)	T3 (≥ 98.5)	198/65	0.58 (0.41-0.84)	0.66 (0.44-0.99)	615/233	0.77 (0.63-0.94)	0.96 (0.77-1.20)
P for trend		0.042	0.706			0.002	0.027		< 0.001	0.033
Orange /yellow vegetables and fruits (g/d)
T1 (< 21.1)	416/162	1.00	1.00	T1 (< 40.7)	199/89	1.00	1.00	615/251	1.00	1.00
T2 (21.1- < 54.0)	417/264	1.63 (1.28-2.07)	1.91 (1.47-2.49)	T2 (40.7- < 100.6)	198/140	1.58 (1.14-2.20)	1.77 (1.23-2.56)	615/404	1.61 (1.33-1.95)	1.78 (1.45-2.20)
T3 (≥ 54.0)	417/199	1.23 (0.96-1.58)	1.61 (1.22-2.12)	T3 (≥ 100.6)	199/69	0.77 (0.53-1.12)	0.85 (0.56-1.27)	616/268	1.07 (0.87-1.31)	1.33 (1.06-1.66)
P for trend		0.618	0.021			0.051	0.163		0.286	0.576
Orange /yellow fruits (g/d)
T1 (< 15.9)	416/230	1.00	1.00	T1 (< 32.5)	199/105	1.00	1.00	615/335	1.00	1.00
T2 (15.9- < 47.9)	417/230	1.00 (0.79-1.25)	1.17 (0.91-1.51)	T2 (32.5- < 90.6)	198/130	1.24 (0.90-1.72)	1.43 (1.00-2.06)	616/360	1.07 (0.89-1.29)	1.20 (0.98-1.47)
T3 (≥ 47.9)	417/165	0.72 (0.56-0.91)	0.98 (0.75-1.28)	T3 (≥ 90.6)	199/63	0.60 (0.42-0.87)	0.64 (0.43-0.97)	615/228	0.68 (0.56-0.83)	0.85 (0.69-1.06)
P for trend		0.003	0.003			0.002	0.002		< 0.001	< 0.001
Orange /yellow vegetable (g/d)
T1 (< 2.7)	416/144	1.00	1.00	T1 (< 3.2)	198/77	1.00	1.00	614/221	1.00	1.00
T2 (2.7- < 7.7)	417/188	1.30 (1.01-1.68)	1.47 (1.11-1.95)	T2 (3.2- < 9.1)	200/69	0.89 (0.61-1.30)	1.14 (0.75-1.73)	617/257	1.16 (0.94-1.43)	1.30 (1.04-1.64)
T3 (≥ 7.7)	417/293	2.09 (1.63-2.67)	2.41 (1.83-3.16)	T3 (≥ 9.1)	198/152	2.01 (1.43-2.83)	2.28 (1.55-3.34)	615/445	2.06 (1.69-2.51)	2.19 (1.77-2.73)
P for trend		< 0.001	< 0.001			< 0.001	< 0.001		< 0.001	< 0.001
White vegetables and fruits (g/d)
T1 (< 87.9)	416/301	1	1	T1 (< 109.9)	199/156	1	1	615/457	1	1
T2 (87.9- < 153.9)	418/219	0.72 (0.57-0.90)	0.84 (0.66-1.08)	T2 (109.9- < 198.0)	199/99	0.63 (0.46-0.87)	0.78 (0.55-1.11)	617/318	0.69 (0.58-0.83)	0.8 (0.66-0.98)
T3 (≥ 153.9)	416/105	0.34 (0.27-0.45)	0.47 (0.35-0.63)	T3 (≥ 198.0)	198/43	0.28 (0.19-0.41)	0.34 (0.22-0.52)	614/148	0.32 (0.26-0.40)	0.43 (0.34-0.55)
P for trend		< 0.001	< 0.001			< 0.001	< 0.001		< 0.001	< 0.001

¹Adjusted by age, education, alcohol consumption, BMI, regular exercise, red meat, processed meat and total energy intake;

²Test for trend calculated with the median intake for each category of vegetables and fruits as a continuous variable.