TM6SF2 E167K variant predicts severe liver fibrosis for human immunodeficiency/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients, and severe steatosis only for a non-3 hepatitis C virus genotype

Table 1 Initial characteristics of 167 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic hepatitis C, according to the TM6SF variants

	TM6SF2 p. 167 E/K	TM6SF2 p. 167 E/E	P value
Patients, n	17	150
Age (yr)	42.6 (40.4-47.8)	40.3 (37.4-44.0)	0.04
Males	12 (70.6)	109 (72.7)	0.8
IVDU	8 (61.5)	95 (74.8)	0.2
BMI (kg/m2)	24.0 (22.0-25.0)	23.0 (21.3-25.0)	0.3
Glucose (mg/dL)	81.0 (75.0-87.0)	88.0 (81.0-98.0)	0.002
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.9 (0.7-1.2)	0.7 (0.5-1.0)	0.06
AST (IU/L)	108.0 (52.0-134.0)	59.0 (40.0-94.0)	0.02
ALT (IU/L)	141.0 (122.0-172)	81.5 (46.0-131.0)	0.02
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	144.0 (123.0-194.0)	164.0 (135.5-191.0)	0.4
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	136.0 (118.0-154.0)	125.5 (83.5-182.3)	0.6
GGT (IU/mL)	65.0 (46.0-95.0)	79.0 (39.0-165.0)	0.6
ALP (IU/mL)	192.0 (156.3-238.3)	186.5 (139.3-252.0)	0.9
HCV RNA (IU/mL), median	598679.0	601550.0	0.7
(IQR)	(140698.5-997750.0)	(202000.0-1432735.0)
Nadir of CD4+ cells/mm3	214.0 (153.0-380.0)	266.0 (176.3-413.3)	0.5
HIV RNA (cps/mL)	7638.0 (4112.5-19215.5)	10870.0 (3100.5-35374.4)	0.7
HIV RNA < 50 cps/mL	6 (35.3)	66 (44.0)
CD4+ cell/mmc	435.0 (380.0-650.0)	508.0 (399.3-670.0)	0.2
ART, treated	14 (82.3)	118 (78.7)	0.6
PI/r-NRTI-NNRTI	0	6 (5.3)
PI/r-NRTI	6 (46.1)	40 (35.1)
NRTI-NNRTI	2 (15.4)	30 (26.3)
PI-NRTI	0	7 (6.1)
NRTI	5 (38.5)	31 (27.2)
Therapy missing, n	1	4
Therapy-naïve	3 (17.6)	32 (21.3)
Duration of ART (yr)	7.7 (6.4-12.8)	8.0 (5.7-10.8)	0.3
Duration of HIV infection (yr)	17.4 (12.5-21.4)	14.0 (7.7-17.9)	0.05
HCV Genotype
1	5 (29.4)	57 (39.6)	0.3
2	1 (5.9)	7 (4.9)
3	6 (35.3)	62 (43.1)
4	5 (29.4)	18 (12.5)
Missing	0	6
HAI score	6.8 ± 2.9	5.8 ± 3.0	0.2
HAI: score 0-8	13 (76.5)	117 (78.0)	0.2
score 9-18	4 (23.5)	33 (22.0)
Fibrosis score	3.1 ± 2.0	2.3 ± 1.5	0.05
Degree of fibrosis
0	2 (11.8)	11 (7.3)	0.1
1	2 (11.8)	48 (32.0)
2	2 (11.8)	33 (22.0)
3	6 (35.3)	32 (21.3)
4	0	11 (7.3)
5	2 (11.8)	6 (4.0)
6	3 (17.6)	9 (6.0)
Steatosis score, mean ± SD	1.9 ± 1.2	1.7 ± 1.3	0.4
Degree of steatosis			0.8
0	3 (17.6)	45 (30.0)
1	3 (17.6)	19 (12.7)
2	4 (23.5)	37 (24.7)
3	6 (35.3)	40 (26.7)
4	1 (5.8)	9 (6.0)
PNPLA3
p. 148 I/I	9 (52.9)	79 (52.7)	0.7
p. 148 I/M	6 (35.3)	61 (40.7)
p. 148 M/M	2 (11.8)	10 (6.7)

Data represent as n (%), mean ± SD, or median (IQR). HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; BMI: Body mass index; HAI: Histological activity index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ glutamyl transferase; ART: Antiretroviral therapy; NRTIs: Nucleoside/nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTIs: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PIs: Protease inhibitors; TM6SF2: Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2; PNPLA3: Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene; IQR: Interquartile range.