Cooperative laparoscopic endoscopic and hybrid laparoscopic surgery for upper gastrointestinal tumors: Current status

Figure 4 Laparoscopic endoscopic combined surgery. A: Submucosal injection and section of the mucosa around the tumor by the endoscopic team; B: After perforation of the gastric wall by the endoscopic team, the laparoscopic team makes a full thickness incision following the path of the endoscopic resection; C: Eversion of the tumor towards the peritoneal cavity and laparoscopic resection around the 2/3 of the gastric wall around it; D: Resection of the tumor and closure of the gastric wall by application of a laparoscopic stapler.