Gastric electrical stimulation for gastroparesis: A goal greatly pursued, but not yet attained

Figure 3 Normalization of ectopic tachygastria with low-frequency/high-energy gastric electrical stimulation [pacing frequency: 3. 2 cycles/min (cpm), pulse width: 300 ms, amplitude: 4 mA] in a patient with gastroparesis. The pacing was carried out in the proximal corpus and the recording electrodes were in the mid gastric corpus (S₂) and in the gastric antrum (S₄). Before pacing a slow wave of about 3.5 cpm was recorded at S₂ (A) and tachyarrythmias at S₄ (B), whereas the pacing with a frequency of 3.2 cpm entrained gastric slow waves at S₂ (C) and S₄ (D)[44].