Interplay among cellular polarization, lipoprotein metabolism and hepatitis C virus entry

Table 1 Inhibition of infectivity by the blockade of hepatitis C virus co-receptors in different systems

		Host			Viral particle			Ref.
Co-receptor	Blocking agent	Cell lines	PHH	In vivo	HCVpp	HCVcc	Serum
Heparan sulfate	Heparin	x			Y			[87]
		x				Y		[30,88,89]
			x1			Y		[90]
LDL-R	Anti-LDL-R	x			N			[36]
			x				Y	[38]
	Soluble LDL-R		x				Y	[38]
	LDLs/VLDLs	x			N			[9,37,91]
		x				N		[37]
			x				Y	[38]
CD81	Anti-CD81	x			Y			[9,36,92]
		x				Y		[30,88,89]
			x		Y			[9,92]
			x			Y		[34]
			x				Y	[34]
				x		Y		[16]
	CD81-LEL	x			Y			[9,36]
			x			Y		[34]
			x				N	[34]
	Knockdown	x			Y			[37]
		x				Y		[89]
			x				Y	[34]
SR-BI	Anti-SR-BI	x			N			[36]
		x			Y			[35,93]
		x				Y		[30,89]
	BLT-4	x			N/Y2			[91,93]
	ITX 5061/7650	x				Y		[94]
			x		Y			[94]
	oxLDLs	x			Y			[37]
		x				Y		[37]
	Knockdown	x			N/Y2			[37]
		x				Y		[89]
Claudin-1	Anti-claudin-1	x			Y			[30,56]
		x				Y		[30,56]
			x		Y			[56]
			x				Y	[56]
	Knockdown	x			Y			[42,43,95]
		x				Y		[42,43,95]
Occludin	Knockdown	x			Y			[43-45]
		x				Y		[43-45]

x: Experimental system employed; Y: Inhibition of infection; N: No inhibition of infection;

¹HCV-core immortalized PHH;

²Only in the presence of high density lipoproteins. HCVpp: Hepatitis C virus pseudotyped particles; HCVcc: Cell culture-derived hepatitis C virus.