MELD score can predict early mortality in patients with rebleeding after band ligation for variceal bleeding

Table 3 Variables associated with 6-wk mortality in patients with rebleeding after endoscopic variceal band ligation for esophageal varices bleeding (mean ± SD) n (%)

Variable	6-wk mortality (n = 49, 38.3%)	6-wk survival (n = 79, 61.7%)	P-value
Sex (male/female)	40 (81.6)/9 (18.8)	67 (84.8)/12 (17.6)	0.637
Age (yr)	53.3 ± 13.3	53.7 ± 14.3	0.866
Etiology			0.683
Virus	23 (46.9)	38 (48.1)
Alcohol	11 (22.4)	20 (25.3)
Virus + alcohol	13 (26.5)	15 (19.0)
Others	2 (4.1)	6 (7.6)
HCC			0.291
No or small	29 (59.2)	54 (68.4)
Advanced	20 (40.8)	25 (31.6)
PVT			0.786
Main trunk	12 (24.5)	18 (22.8)
Branch	5 (10.2)	9 (11.4)
Duration between rebleeding and index EVL	12.8 ± 9.0	14.7 ± 11.7	0.528
1-5 d	13 (26.5)	20 (25.3)	0.879
6-42 d	36 (73.5)	59 (74.7)
Rebleeding laboratory findings
CTP score	11.9 ± 1.9	8.9 ± 2.3	0.000
CTP classification
A	1 (2.0)	13 (16.5)	0.017
B	3 (6.1)	33 (41.8)	0.000
C	45 (91.8)	33 (41.8)	0.000
MELD score	28.9 ± 9.0	16.8 ± 7.0	0.000
HE (grade)	1.3 ± 1.5	0.3 ± 0.8	0.000
Cr (μmol/L)	203.3 ± 159.1	114.9 ± 97.2	0.000
Na (mmol/L)	138.7 ± 9.6	134.6 ± 14.3	0.084
K (mmol/L)	4.2 ± 1.0	3.9 ± 0.9	0.171
Bil (μmol/L)	263.3 ± 236.0	90.6 ± 135.1	0.000
Alb (g/L)	25 ± 5	29 ± 6	0.000
Hb (g/L)	83 ± 18	90 ± 17	0.041
WBC (109/L)	12.5 ± 6.4	8.2 ± 4.7	0.000
Platelets (109/L)	102.4 ± 69.2	101.0 ± 72.3	0.915
INR (PT)	2.2 ± 0.9	1.5 (0.4)	0.000
Rebleeding 5-d failure	18 (36.7)	6 (7.6)	0.000
Died within 5 d	10	0	0.000
Recurrent bleeding within 5 d	8	6	0.150
Hypovolemic shock	21 (42.9)	3 (3.8)	0.000
Rebleeding focus			0.500
EV bleeding	28 (57.1)	47 (59.5)
Post-EVL ulcer bleeding	9 (18.4)	15 (19.0)
GV bleeding	3 (6.1)	4 (5.1)
Peptic ulcer bleeding	6 (12.2)	5 (6.3)
PHG	3 (6.1)	8 (10.1)
Rebleeding EGD finding			0.019
Active bleeding	20 (40.8)	30 (38.0)
Blood in lumen	25 (51.0)	27 (34.2)
Clean	4 (8.2)	22 (27.8)
EGD Tx			0716
Endoscopic therapy + medical	36 (73.5)	56 (70.9)
Medical therapy only	13 (26.5)	22 (27.8)
Surgery	0 (0.0)	1 (1.3)
Rebleeding infection	42 (85.7)	36 (45.6)	0.000
Rebleeding antibiotic use	35 (71.4)	46 (58.2)	0.132
Rebleeding Inderal use	8 (16.3)	37 (46.8)	0.000

The P-values were calculated by using Student’s t-test for continuous variables and χ² test for categorical variables. EV: Esophageal varices; EVL: Endoscopic variceal band ligation; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; PVT: Portal vein thrombosis; CTP: Child-turcotte-pugh; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; INR (PT): International normalised ratio of a patient's prothrombin time to a normal control sample; PHG: portal hypertensive gastropathy; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; GV: Gastric varices.